| Summary: | Calcium is an essential macronutrient in soils and plays an important role in the structure and function of an ecosystem. In this study, we selected the Huajiang dry-hot valley region in southwest China as our research object, aiming to comprehend the soil calcium distribution characteristics of different altitudes and vegetation types in this karst dry-hot valley region. The results showed that the mean value of total soil calcium content in the karst dry-hot valley was 13.00 ± 3.28 g·kg<sup>−1</sup>, and the mean value of the proportion of exchangeable calcium content to total calcium was 50.31%. In the vertical profile, total soil and exchangeable calcium contents decreased with increasing soil depth. With increasing altitude, total soil and exchangeable calcium contents increased. Among the different vegetation types, the total and exchangeable calcium contents of crops were higher than the three natural vegetation types of forest, scrub, and grassland, and the soil calcium content of forest was the lowest. Total soil and exchangeable calcium content in the karst dry-hot valley were affected by rock exposure rate, vegetation coverage, soil thickness, soil organic matter and soil pH. In addition, the unique environmental gradient characteristics at different elevations in the dry-hot valley area may redistribute soil calcium, and the positive vegetation succession may cause a gradual decrease of soil calcium content in the area.
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