Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids
The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanni...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4166 |
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| author | Agata Konarska Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Anna Matysik-Woźniak Aneta Sulborska Beata Polak Marta Dmitruk Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko Beata Stefańczyk Robert Rejdak |
| author_facet | Agata Konarska Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Anna Matysik-Woźniak Aneta Sulborska Beata Polak Marta Dmitruk Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko Beata Stefańczyk Robert Rejdak |
| author_sort | Agata Konarska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> corolla contained 1.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ± 4.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> flowers as supplements in human nutrition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b406ab081944afb8419d8d9c95a288e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b406ab081944afb8419d8d9c95a288e2023-11-22T04:29:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-012614416610.3390/molecules26144166Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and IridoidsAgata Konarska0Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska1Anna Matysik-Woźniak2Aneta Sulborska3Beata Polak4Marta Dmitruk5Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko6Beata Stefańczyk7Robert Rejdak8Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, PolandThe aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> corolla contained 1.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> ± 4.3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of <i>L. album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> flowers as supplements in human nutrition.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4166aucubinbiologically active substancesβ-amyrinβ-amyrin acetateglandular and non-glandular trichomesoleanolic acid |
| spellingShingle | Agata Konarska Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Anna Matysik-Woźniak Aneta Sulborska Beata Polak Marta Dmitruk Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko Beata Stefańczyk Robert Rejdak Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids Molecules aucubin biologically active substances β-amyrin β-amyrin acetate glandular and non-glandular trichomes oleanolic acid |
| title | Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
| title_full | Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
| title_fullStr | Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
| title_short | Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Lamium album</i> subsp. <i>album</i> L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
| title_sort | histochemical and phytochemical analysis of i lamium album i subsp i album i l corolla essential oil triterpenes and iridoids |
| topic | aucubin biologically active substances β-amyrin β-amyrin acetate glandular and non-glandular trichomes oleanolic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4166 |
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