Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India
Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the geochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry and also to assess the groundwater quality suitability criteria for irrigation purposes. An agricultural region of Telangana, South India, was selected for the present study. A...
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| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-04-01
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| 丛编: | Applied Water Science |
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| 在线阅读: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01583-w |
| _version_ | 1828366633239838720 |
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| author | Sakram Gugulothu N. Subbarao Rashmirekha Das Ratnakar Dhakate |
| author_facet | Sakram Gugulothu N. Subbarao Rashmirekha Das Ratnakar Dhakate |
| author_sort | Sakram Gugulothu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the geochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry and also to assess the groundwater quality suitability criteria for irrigation purposes. An agricultural region of Telangana, South India, was selected for the present study. A total of 100 groundwater samples were collected and estimated for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate ( $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - ), chloride (Cl−), sulfate ( $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - ), nitrate ( $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - ), and fluoride (F−). The groundwater was characterized by mostly alkaline conditions with a dominance of Na+ and $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - ions, indicating the prevailing conditions of weathering and dissolution of silicate minerals. The various geochemical signatures such as Na+ vs Cl−, Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - , Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - + $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - , $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - vs Cl− + $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - , Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs total cations, and Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs Na+ + K+ and the saturation indices with respect to calcite, halite, and gypsum suggest obviously the dominant conditions of carbonate weathering associated with the reverse ion exchange and evaporation processes as the geogenic factors. The linear trend of TDS vs $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - + Cl−/ $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - clearly specifies the influence of non-geogenic sources on the aquifer system. These are the important contributors to the variation in the groundwater chemistry. However, the impact of the geogenic source is masking the influence of the anthropogenic source in some areas of the present study region. According to the salinity vs sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium ratio, and Kelly ratio, 99.9%, 7.06%, 63.07%, and 51.27% of the total study region come under the unsuitable categories for irrigation purposes, respectively. Therefore, the findings of this study recommended some site-specific appropriate management strategies for the safe supply of groundwater for proper crop growth and consequently for sustainable development of the rural environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:47:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b4badd0dfb34f679bf073ec69b426f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:47:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b4badd0dfb34f679bf073ec69b426f42022-12-22T02:09:13ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952022-04-0112611310.1007/s13201-022-01583-wGeochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South IndiaSakram Gugulothu0N. Subbarao1Rashmirekha Das2Ratnakar Dhakate3CSIR-National Geophysical Research InstituteDepartment of Geology, Andhra UniversityDepartment of Geology, Utkal UniversityCSIR-National Geophysical Research InstituteAbstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the geochemical processes controlling the groundwater chemistry and also to assess the groundwater quality suitability criteria for irrigation purposes. An agricultural region of Telangana, South India, was selected for the present study. A total of 100 groundwater samples were collected and estimated for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate ( $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - ), chloride (Cl−), sulfate ( $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - ), nitrate ( $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - ), and fluoride (F−). The groundwater was characterized by mostly alkaline conditions with a dominance of Na+ and $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - ions, indicating the prevailing conditions of weathering and dissolution of silicate minerals. The various geochemical signatures such as Na+ vs Cl−, Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - , Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - + $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - , $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - vs Cl− + $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }$$ SO 4 2 - , Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs total cations, and Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs Na+ + K+ and the saturation indices with respect to calcite, halite, and gypsum suggest obviously the dominant conditions of carbonate weathering associated with the reverse ion exchange and evaporation processes as the geogenic factors. The linear trend of TDS vs $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ NO 3 - + Cl−/ $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - clearly specifies the influence of non-geogenic sources on the aquifer system. These are the important contributors to the variation in the groundwater chemistry. However, the impact of the geogenic source is masking the influence of the anthropogenic source in some areas of the present study region. According to the salinity vs sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium ratio, and Kelly ratio, 99.9%, 7.06%, 63.07%, and 51.27% of the total study region come under the unsuitable categories for irrigation purposes, respectively. Therefore, the findings of this study recommended some site-specific appropriate management strategies for the safe supply of groundwater for proper crop growth and consequently for sustainable development of the rural environment.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01583-wGroundwater chemistryGroundwater qualityCrop growthAgricultural region |
| spellingShingle | Sakram Gugulothu N. Subbarao Rashmirekha Das Ratnakar Dhakate Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India Applied Water Science Groundwater chemistry Groundwater quality Crop growth Agricultural region |
| title | Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India |
| title_full | Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India |
| title_fullStr | Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India |
| title_short | Geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of South India |
| title_sort | geochemical evaluation of groundwater and suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation purpose in an agricultural region of south india |
| topic | Groundwater chemistry Groundwater quality Crop growth Agricultural region |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01583-w |
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