Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification
Depressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), two prominent mental health conditions, are commonly diagnosed using subjective methods such as scales and interviews. Previous research indicated that machine learning (ML) can enhance our understanding of their underlying mechanisms....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/245 |
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| author | Jiaqi Fang Gang Li Wanxiu Xu Wei Liu Guibin Chen Yixia Zhu Youdong Luo Xiaodong Luo Bin Zhou |
| author_facet | Jiaqi Fang Gang Li Wanxiu Xu Wei Liu Guibin Chen Yixia Zhu Youdong Luo Xiaodong Luo Bin Zhou |
| author_sort | Jiaqi Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Depressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), two prominent mental health conditions, are commonly diagnosed using subjective methods such as scales and interviews. Previous research indicated that machine learning (ML) can enhance our understanding of their underlying mechanisms. This study seeks to investigate the mechanisms of DD, GAD, and healthy controls (HC) while constructing a diagnostic framework for triple classifications. Specifically, the experiment involved collecting electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 42 DD patients, 45 GAD patients, and 38 HC adults. The Phase Lag Index (PLI) was employed to quantify brain functional connectivity and analyze differences in functional connectivity among three groups. This study also explored the impact of time window feature computations on classification performance, including the XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and ensemble models. In order to enhance classification performance, a feature optimization algorithm based on Autogluon-Tabular was proposed. The results indicate that a 12 s time window provides optimal classification performance for the three groups, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.33% with the ensemble model. The analysis further reveals a significant reorganization of the brain, with the most pronounced changes observed in the frontal lobe and beta rhythm. These findings support the hypothesis of abnormal brain functional connectivity in DD and GAD, contributing valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying DD and GAD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:29:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b4dd654c36e433db257509445315023 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:29:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b4dd654c36e433db2575094453150232024-03-27T13:28:44ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-03-0114324510.3390/brainsci14030245Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple ClassificationJiaqi Fang0Gang Li1Wanxiu Xu2Wei Liu3Guibin Chen4Yixia Zhu5Youdong Luo6Xiaodong Luo7Bin Zhou8College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaThe Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua 321016, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaThe Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua 321016, ChinaCollege of Mathematical Medicine, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaDepressive disorder (DD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), two prominent mental health conditions, are commonly diagnosed using subjective methods such as scales and interviews. Previous research indicated that machine learning (ML) can enhance our understanding of their underlying mechanisms. This study seeks to investigate the mechanisms of DD, GAD, and healthy controls (HC) while constructing a diagnostic framework for triple classifications. Specifically, the experiment involved collecting electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 42 DD patients, 45 GAD patients, and 38 HC adults. The Phase Lag Index (PLI) was employed to quantify brain functional connectivity and analyze differences in functional connectivity among three groups. This study also explored the impact of time window feature computations on classification performance, including the XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and ensemble models. In order to enhance classification performance, a feature optimization algorithm based on Autogluon-Tabular was proposed. The results indicate that a 12 s time window provides optimal classification performance for the three groups, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.33% with the ensemble model. The analysis further reveals a significant reorganization of the brain, with the most pronounced changes observed in the frontal lobe and beta rhythm. These findings support the hypothesis of abnormal brain functional connectivity in DD and GAD, contributing valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying DD and GAD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/245depression disordergeneralized anxiety disorderelectroencephalogram (EEG)functional connectivitymachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Jiaqi Fang Gang Li Wanxiu Xu Wei Liu Guibin Chen Yixia Zhu Youdong Luo Xiaodong Luo Bin Zhou Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification Brain Sciences depression disorder generalized anxiety disorder electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity machine learning |
| title | Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification |
| title_full | Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification |
| title_short | Exploring Abnormal Brain Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adults, Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder through EEG Signals: A Machine Learning Approach for Triple Classification |
| title_sort | exploring abnormal brain functional connectivity in healthy adults depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder through eeg signals a machine learning approach for triple classification |
| topic | depression disorder generalized anxiety disorder electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity machine learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/245 |
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