Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells
Glucose provides vital energy for cells and contributes to gene expression. The hypothalamus is key for metabolic homeostasis, but effects of glucose on hypothalamic gene expression have not yet been investigated in detail. Thus, herein, we monitored the glucose-dependent transcriptome in murine hyp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/639 |
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| author | Leonhard Webert Dennis Faro Sarah Zeitlmayr Thomas Gudermann Andreas Breit |
| author_facet | Leonhard Webert Dennis Faro Sarah Zeitlmayr Thomas Gudermann Andreas Breit |
| author_sort | Leonhard Webert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glucose provides vital energy for cells and contributes to gene expression. The hypothalamus is key for metabolic homeostasis, but effects of glucose on hypothalamic gene expression have not yet been investigated in detail. Thus, herein, we monitored the glucose-dependent transcriptome in murine hypothalamic mHypoA-2/10 cells by total RNA-seq analysis. A total of 831 genes were up- and 1390 genes were downregulated by at least 50%. Key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, and total cellular cholesterol levels were significantly increased by glucose. Analysis of single genes involved in fundamental cellular signaling processes also suggested a significant impact of glucose. Thus, we chose ≈100 genes involved in signaling and validated the effects of glucose on mRNA levels by qRT-PCR. We identified <i>Gnai1</i>–<i>3</i>, <i>Adyc6</i>, <i>Irs1</i>, <i>Igfr1</i>, <i>Hras</i>, and <i>Elk3</i> as new glucose-dependent genes. In line with this, cAMP measurements revealed enhanced noradrenalin-induced cAMP levels, and reporter gene assays elevated activity of the insulin-like growth factor at higher glucose levels. Key data of our studies were confirmed in a second hypothalamic cell line. Thus, our findings link extra cellular glucose levels with hypothalamic lipid synthesis and pivotal intracellular signaling processes, which might be of particular interest in situations of <i>continuously</i> increased glucose levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:21:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b5aefbc0a544270a1e833836448fb54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:21:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b5aefbc0a544270a1e833836448fb542023-11-23T19:14:33ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-02-0111463910.3390/cells11040639Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic CellsLeonhard Webert0Dennis Faro1Sarah Zeitlmayr2Thomas Gudermann3Andreas Breit4Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, GermanyWalther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, GermanyWalther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, GermanyWalther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, GermanyWalther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 33, 80336 Munich, GermanyGlucose provides vital energy for cells and contributes to gene expression. The hypothalamus is key for metabolic homeostasis, but effects of glucose on hypothalamic gene expression have not yet been investigated in detail. Thus, herein, we monitored the glucose-dependent transcriptome in murine hypothalamic mHypoA-2/10 cells by total RNA-seq analysis. A total of 831 genes were up- and 1390 genes were downregulated by at least 50%. Key genes involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, and total cellular cholesterol levels were significantly increased by glucose. Analysis of single genes involved in fundamental cellular signaling processes also suggested a significant impact of glucose. Thus, we chose ≈100 genes involved in signaling and validated the effects of glucose on mRNA levels by qRT-PCR. We identified <i>Gnai1</i>–<i>3</i>, <i>Adyc6</i>, <i>Irs1</i>, <i>Igfr1</i>, <i>Hras</i>, and <i>Elk3</i> as new glucose-dependent genes. In line with this, cAMP measurements revealed enhanced noradrenalin-induced cAMP levels, and reporter gene assays elevated activity of the insulin-like growth factor at higher glucose levels. Key data of our studies were confirmed in a second hypothalamic cell line. Thus, our findings link extra cellular glucose levels with hypothalamic lipid synthesis and pivotal intracellular signaling processes, which might be of particular interest in situations of <i>continuously</i> increased glucose levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/639glucosehypothalamusRNA-seqcholesterolinsulin-like growth factornoradrenalin |
| spellingShingle | Leonhard Webert Dennis Faro Sarah Zeitlmayr Thomas Gudermann Andreas Breit Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells Cells glucose hypothalamus RNA-seq cholesterol insulin-like growth factor noradrenalin |
| title | Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells |
| title_full | Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells |
| title_short | Analysis of the Glucose-Dependent Transcriptome in Murine Hypothalamic Cells |
| title_sort | analysis of the glucose dependent transcriptome in murine hypothalamic cells |
| topic | glucose hypothalamus RNA-seq cholesterol insulin-like growth factor noradrenalin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/4/639 |
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