Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients
Antibiotic resistance patterns of the major human periodontal pathogen <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> were assessed over a 20-year period in the United States. Subgingival <i>P. gingivalis</i> was cultured pre-treatment from 2193 severe periodontitis patients during three ti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1584 |
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| author | Thomas E. Rams Jacqueline D. Sautter Arie J. van Winkelhoff |
| author_facet | Thomas E. Rams Jacqueline D. Sautter Arie J. van Winkelhoff |
| author_sort | Thomas E. Rams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotic resistance patterns of the major human periodontal pathogen <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> were assessed over a 20-year period in the United States. Subgingival <i>P. gingivalis</i> was cultured pre-treatment from 2193 severe periodontitis patients during three time periods: 1999–2000 (936 patients), 2009–2010 (685 patients), and 2019–2020 (572 patients). The clinical isolates were tested for in vitro resistance to 4 mg/L for clindamycin and doxycycline, 8 mg/L for amoxicillin, and 16 mg/L for metronidazole, with a post hoc combination of data for metronidazole plus amoxicillin. Clindamycin-resistant <i>P. gingivalis</i> was significantly more prevalent in 2009–2010 (9.1% of patients) and 2019–2020 (9.3%; 15-fold increase) as compared to 1999–2000 (0.6%). <i>P. gingivalis</i> resistance to amoxicillin also significantly increased from 0.1% of patients in 1999–2000 to 1.3% in 2009–2010 and 2.8% (28-fold increase) in 2019–2020. <i>P. gingivalis</i> resistance to metronidazole, metronidazole plus amoxicillin, and doxycycline was low (≤0.5% prevalence), and statistically unchanged, over the 20-year period. These findings are the first to reveal marked increases over 20 years in clindamycin-resistant and amoxicillin-resistant <i>P. gingivalis</i> in United States periodontitis patients. Increased antibiotic resistance of <i>P. gingivalis</i> and other periodontitis-associated bacteria threatens the efficacy of periodontal antimicrobial chemotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b5b7548ea524f9aa92d8fd4cc0739bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:05:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b5b7548ea524f9aa92d8fd4cc0739bf2023-11-24T14:25:13ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-11-011211158410.3390/antibiotics12111584Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis PatientsThomas E. Rams0Jacqueline D. Sautter1Arie J. van Winkelhoff2Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USADepartment of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USACenter for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The NetherlandsAntibiotic resistance patterns of the major human periodontal pathogen <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> were assessed over a 20-year period in the United States. Subgingival <i>P. gingivalis</i> was cultured pre-treatment from 2193 severe periodontitis patients during three time periods: 1999–2000 (936 patients), 2009–2010 (685 patients), and 2019–2020 (572 patients). The clinical isolates were tested for in vitro resistance to 4 mg/L for clindamycin and doxycycline, 8 mg/L for amoxicillin, and 16 mg/L for metronidazole, with a post hoc combination of data for metronidazole plus amoxicillin. Clindamycin-resistant <i>P. gingivalis</i> was significantly more prevalent in 2009–2010 (9.1% of patients) and 2019–2020 (9.3%; 15-fold increase) as compared to 1999–2000 (0.6%). <i>P. gingivalis</i> resistance to amoxicillin also significantly increased from 0.1% of patients in 1999–2000 to 1.3% in 2009–2010 and 2.8% (28-fold increase) in 2019–2020. <i>P. gingivalis</i> resistance to metronidazole, metronidazole plus amoxicillin, and doxycycline was low (≤0.5% prevalence), and statistically unchanged, over the 20-year period. These findings are the first to reveal marked increases over 20 years in clindamycin-resistant and amoxicillin-resistant <i>P. gingivalis</i> in United States periodontitis patients. Increased antibiotic resistance of <i>P. gingivalis</i> and other periodontitis-associated bacteria threatens the efficacy of periodontal antimicrobial chemotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1584antibioticsanti-infective agents<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>periodontitisclindamycinamoxicillin |
| spellingShingle | Thomas E. Rams Jacqueline D. Sautter Arie J. van Winkelhoff Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients Antibiotics antibiotics anti-infective agents <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> periodontitis clindamycin amoxicillin |
| title | Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients |
| title_full | Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients |
| title_short | Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> in United States Periodontitis Patients |
| title_sort | emergence of antibiotic resistant i porphyromonas gingivalis i in united states periodontitis patients |
| topic | antibiotics anti-infective agents <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> periodontitis clindamycin amoxicillin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/11/1584 |
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