The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils
Various models have been used to demonstrate the pronounced effects of the microwave frequency range electromagnetic fields, as well as weak and very weak combined collinear magnetic fields (CMF) with static and variable components in the order of micro- and nano-tesla. One of such models, previousl...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3326 |
| _version_ | 1797568315336425472 |
|---|---|
| author | Vadim V. Novikov Elena V. Yablokova Evgeny E. Fesenko |
| author_facet | Vadim V. Novikov Elena V. Yablokova Evgeny E. Fesenko |
| author_sort | Vadim V. Novikov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various models have been used to demonstrate the pronounced effects of the microwave frequency range electromagnetic fields, as well as weak and very weak combined collinear magnetic fields (CMF) with static and variable components in the order of micro- and nano-tesla. One of such models, previously shown to be sensitive to variations in the parameters of applied magnetic fields, is the neutrophil respiratory burst. Using luminol-enhanced cell chemiluminescence assay, we studied the effects of the CMF exerted directly on neutrophil suspensions and, indirectly, through aqueous solutions. To experimentally create a uniform standard weak CMF with 60 µT static and 100 nT alternating magnetic field components, we engineered a shielded magnetic field induction device. CMF applied directly to neutrophils enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by more than 36%. The pronounced stimulating effect was observed only when using the signals that included the frequency of 12.6 Hz that corresponds to the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) frequency of the hydrated hydronium ion. Similarly, to direct exposure, CMF pre-treatment of a water sample subsequently added to the neutrophil suspension increased ROS production by 66%. The effect of CMF pre-treatment was retained after a series of dilutions and mechanical treatment but disappeared in “magnetic vacuum” or without mechanical influence. Therefore, weak and super weak magnetic fields may indirectly, via water, activate ROS production by neutrophils, provided that modulation of super weak component of collinear field corresponds to the ICR frequency of the hydrated hydronium ion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b6e1127e0cc499793c49c89306cfe8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b6e1127e0cc499793c49c89306cfe8d2023-11-20T00:01:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-05-01109332610.3390/app10093326The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by NeutrophilsVadim V. Novikov0Elena V. Yablokova1Evgeny E. Fesenko2Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, RussiaInstitute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, RussiaInstitute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, RussiaVarious models have been used to demonstrate the pronounced effects of the microwave frequency range electromagnetic fields, as well as weak and very weak combined collinear magnetic fields (CMF) with static and variable components in the order of micro- and nano-tesla. One of such models, previously shown to be sensitive to variations in the parameters of applied magnetic fields, is the neutrophil respiratory burst. Using luminol-enhanced cell chemiluminescence assay, we studied the effects of the CMF exerted directly on neutrophil suspensions and, indirectly, through aqueous solutions. To experimentally create a uniform standard weak CMF with 60 µT static and 100 nT alternating magnetic field components, we engineered a shielded magnetic field induction device. CMF applied directly to neutrophils enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by more than 36%. The pronounced stimulating effect was observed only when using the signals that included the frequency of 12.6 Hz that corresponds to the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) frequency of the hydrated hydronium ion. Similarly, to direct exposure, CMF pre-treatment of a water sample subsequently added to the neutrophil suspension increased ROS production by 66%. The effect of CMF pre-treatment was retained after a series of dilutions and mechanical treatment but disappeared in “magnetic vacuum” or without mechanical influence. Therefore, weak and super weak magnetic fields may indirectly, via water, activate ROS production by neutrophils, provided that modulation of super weak component of collinear field corresponds to the ICR frequency of the hydrated hydronium ion.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3326combined magnetic fieldsweak magnetic fieldsrespiratory burstNADPH-oxidasemechanical water treatment |
| spellingShingle | Vadim V. Novikov Elena V. Yablokova Evgeny E. Fesenko The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils Applied Sciences combined magnetic fields weak magnetic fields respiratory burst NADPH-oxidase mechanical water treatment |
| title | The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils |
| title_full | The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils |
| title_short | The Role of Water in the Effect of Weak Combined Magnetic Fields on Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Neutrophils |
| title_sort | role of water in the effect of weak combined magnetic fields on production of reactive oxygen species ros by neutrophils |
| topic | combined magnetic fields weak magnetic fields respiratory burst NADPH-oxidase mechanical water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3326 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vadimvnovikov theroleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils AT elenavyablokova theroleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils AT evgenyefesenko theroleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils AT vadimvnovikov roleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils AT elenavyablokova roleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils AT evgenyefesenko roleofwaterintheeffectofweakcombinedmagneticfieldsonproductionofreactiveoxygenspeciesrosbyneutrophils |