Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo
Radiation damage is associated with inflammation and immunity in the intestinal mucosa, including gut microbiota. Melanin has a unique capacity to coordinate a biological reaction in response to environmental stimuli, such as radiation exposure. Thus, melanin and melanized microbes have potential to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/13 |
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| author | Yong-guo Zhang Mackenzie E. Malo Tanya Tschirhart Yinglin Xia Zheng Wang Ekaterina Dadachova Jun Sun |
| author_facet | Yong-guo Zhang Mackenzie E. Malo Tanya Tschirhart Yinglin Xia Zheng Wang Ekaterina Dadachova Jun Sun |
| author_sort | Yong-guo Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Radiation damage is associated with inflammation and immunity in the intestinal mucosa, including gut microbiota. Melanin has a unique capacity to coordinate a biological reaction in response to environmental stimuli, such as radiation exposure. Thus, melanin and melanized microbes have potential to be used for mitigation of injury induced by radiation. The purpose of the current study is to examine the safety of these agents for future targeting gut microbiome to prevent radiation-induced injury. We administered mice with soluble allomelanin and observed its effect on the intestinal physiology and body weight. We then established a melanized bacterial strain in probiotic <i>E. coli</i> Nissle. We measured the body weight of the mice treated with melanized <i>E. coli</i> Nissle. We showed the enhanced bacterial abundance and colonization of the melanized bacteria <i>E. coli</i> Nissle in the intestine. Melanized <i>E. coli</i> Nissle colonized the colon in less than 3 h and showed consistent colonization over 24 h post one oral gavage. We did not find significant changes of bodyweight in the mice treated with melanized bacteria. We did not observe any inflammation in the intestine. These results demonstrate the safety of soluble melanin and melanin-producing bacteria and will support the future studies to treat radiation-induced injuries and restore dysbiosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b7a7a289020432380351a865b373031 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b7a7a289020432380351a865b3730312023-12-01T00:55:07ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-12-011111310.3390/toxics11010013Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In VivoYong-guo Zhang0Mackenzie E. Malo1Tanya Tschirhart2Yinglin Xia3Zheng Wang4Ekaterina Dadachova5Jun Sun6Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USACollege of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, CanadaCenter for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USACenter for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USACollege of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, CanadaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USARadiation damage is associated with inflammation and immunity in the intestinal mucosa, including gut microbiota. Melanin has a unique capacity to coordinate a biological reaction in response to environmental stimuli, such as radiation exposure. Thus, melanin and melanized microbes have potential to be used for mitigation of injury induced by radiation. The purpose of the current study is to examine the safety of these agents for future targeting gut microbiome to prevent radiation-induced injury. We administered mice with soluble allomelanin and observed its effect on the intestinal physiology and body weight. We then established a melanized bacterial strain in probiotic <i>E. coli</i> Nissle. We measured the body weight of the mice treated with melanized <i>E. coli</i> Nissle. We showed the enhanced bacterial abundance and colonization of the melanized bacteria <i>E. coli</i> Nissle in the intestine. Melanized <i>E. coli</i> Nissle colonized the colon in less than 3 h and showed consistent colonization over 24 h post one oral gavage. We did not find significant changes of bodyweight in the mice treated with melanized bacteria. We did not observe any inflammation in the intestine. These results demonstrate the safety of soluble melanin and melanin-producing bacteria and will support the future studies to treat radiation-induced injuries and restore dysbiosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/13<i>E. coli</i> Nissleintestinemelaninmelanized bacteriamicrobiomeprobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Yong-guo Zhang Mackenzie E. Malo Tanya Tschirhart Yinglin Xia Zheng Wang Ekaterina Dadachova Jun Sun Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo Toxics <i>E. coli</i> Nissle intestine melanin melanized bacteria microbiome probiotics |
| title | Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo |
| title_full | Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo |
| title_short | Effects of Melanized Bacteria and Soluble Melanin on the Intestinal Homeostasis and Microbiome In Vivo |
| title_sort | effects of melanized bacteria and soluble melanin on the intestinal homeostasis and microbiome in vivo |
| topic | <i>E. coli</i> Nissle intestine melanin melanized bacteria microbiome probiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/13 |
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