Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition
Reduced available water resources have become the main limiting factor for the production of leafy vegetable, such as pakchoi, which can be effectively addressed by growing water-efficient varieties. Therefore, it is particularly important for evaluation and verification of drought tolerant varietie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2087 |
| _version_ | 1797585833715302400 |
|---|---|
| author | Jingrui Li Kumail Abbas Weihong Wang Binbin Gong Lin Wang Shenglin Hou Hui Xia Xiaolei Wu Lida Chen Hongbo Gao |
| author_facet | Jingrui Li Kumail Abbas Weihong Wang Binbin Gong Lin Wang Shenglin Hou Hui Xia Xiaolei Wu Lida Chen Hongbo Gao |
| author_sort | Jingrui Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reduced available water resources have become the main limiting factor for the production of leafy vegetable, such as pakchoi, which can be effectively addressed by growing water-efficient varieties. Therefore, it is particularly important for evaluation and verification of drought tolerant varieties. In this study, 50 different varieties of pakchoi were detected for their morphological and physiological indicators under both normal-irrigated and water-deficiency environments. Based on systematic analysis of these evaluation indicators using different evaluation methods, the significant indicators were identified and the prediction model was established followed by validation of different drought tolerant of pakchoi varieties. The results showed that considerable differences were observed in all the indicators detected under conditions of water deprivation compared with normal irrigation. Frequency distribution revealed that the indictors sensitivity with significant changes to water-deficient conditions was ordered as follows: aboveground fresh and dry weight, followed by belowground fresh and dry weight, root volume, root length, root activity, and soluble sugar. Correlation analysis showed that each indicator was significantly or extremely significantly associated with other indices, indicating that there is a certain degree of association between the indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) turned 16 indicators into four independent components, with a cumulative contribution ratio of 80.147%. According to the results of drought tolerance comprehensive evaluation value (D-value) analysis and cluster analysis, 50 varieties were ranked in relation to drought tolerance and classified into five categories, among them Jinhui, Qingguan, Dongyue, Xiazhijiao, and Hanszifei, which were classified as highly drought-tolerant cultivars. Moreover, the stepwise regression model was established and demonstrated that soluble sugar, average root diameter, belowground fresh weight, root volume, and leaf number were selected as key indicators which can be used for screening and identifying drought-pakchoi varieties. Furthermore, the tolerance capacity of pakchoi varieties was further validated using one representative variety selected from five groups and treated with water-deficit stress. It was demonstrated that the established model was verified consistent with drought tolerance of pakchoi varieties, and tolerance capacity was closely related to increasing epidermal stomatal density, maintaining high photosynthesis, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity to reduce damage (ROS). The results proposed the key drought tolerance indicators and evaluation methods, which provide the basis for the screening of leaf-vegetable varieties with different drought-tolerances, as well the identified varieties could be used for effective water-saving production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:12:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b8e9a54b8f84e9bb841a5bcd1526791 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:12:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b8e9a54b8f84e9bb841a5bcd15267912023-11-18T23:54:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-08-01138208710.3390/agronomy13082087Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit ConditionJingrui Li0Kumail Abbas1Weihong Wang2Binbin Gong3Lin Wang4Shenglin Hou5Hui Xia6Xiaolei Wu7Lida Chen8Hongbo Gao9College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Shijiazhuang 050050, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, ChinaReduced available water resources have become the main limiting factor for the production of leafy vegetable, such as pakchoi, which can be effectively addressed by growing water-efficient varieties. Therefore, it is particularly important for evaluation and verification of drought tolerant varieties. In this study, 50 different varieties of pakchoi were detected for their morphological and physiological indicators under both normal-irrigated and water-deficiency environments. Based on systematic analysis of these evaluation indicators using different evaluation methods, the significant indicators were identified and the prediction model was established followed by validation of different drought tolerant of pakchoi varieties. The results showed that considerable differences were observed in all the indicators detected under conditions of water deprivation compared with normal irrigation. Frequency distribution revealed that the indictors sensitivity with significant changes to water-deficient conditions was ordered as follows: aboveground fresh and dry weight, followed by belowground fresh and dry weight, root volume, root length, root activity, and soluble sugar. Correlation analysis showed that each indicator was significantly or extremely significantly associated with other indices, indicating that there is a certain degree of association between the indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) turned 16 indicators into four independent components, with a cumulative contribution ratio of 80.147%. According to the results of drought tolerance comprehensive evaluation value (D-value) analysis and cluster analysis, 50 varieties were ranked in relation to drought tolerance and classified into five categories, among them Jinhui, Qingguan, Dongyue, Xiazhijiao, and Hanszifei, which were classified as highly drought-tolerant cultivars. Moreover, the stepwise regression model was established and demonstrated that soluble sugar, average root diameter, belowground fresh weight, root volume, and leaf number were selected as key indicators which can be used for screening and identifying drought-pakchoi varieties. Furthermore, the tolerance capacity of pakchoi varieties was further validated using one representative variety selected from five groups and treated with water-deficit stress. It was demonstrated that the established model was verified consistent with drought tolerance of pakchoi varieties, and tolerance capacity was closely related to increasing epidermal stomatal density, maintaining high photosynthesis, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity to reduce damage (ROS). The results proposed the key drought tolerance indicators and evaluation methods, which provide the basis for the screening of leaf-vegetable varieties with different drought-tolerances, as well the identified varieties could be used for effective water-saving production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2087pakchoiwater deficitdrought toleranceindicators screeningtolerance verificationsystematic evaluation |
| spellingShingle | Jingrui Li Kumail Abbas Weihong Wang Binbin Gong Lin Wang Shenglin Hou Hui Xia Xiaolei Wu Lida Chen Hongbo Gao Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition Agronomy pakchoi water deficit drought tolerance indicators screening tolerance verification systematic evaluation |
| title | Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition |
| title_full | Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition |
| title_fullStr | Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition |
| title_short | Drought Tolerance Evaluation and Verification of Fifty Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i>) Varieties under Water Deficit Condition |
| title_sort | drought tolerance evaluation and verification of fifty pakchoi i brassica rapa i ssp i chinensis i varieties under water deficit condition |
| topic | pakchoi water deficit drought tolerance indicators screening tolerance verification systematic evaluation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/8/2087 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingruili droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT kumailabbas droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT weihongwang droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT binbingong droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT linwang droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT shenglinhou droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT huixia droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT xiaoleiwu droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT lidachen droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition AT hongbogao droughttoleranceevaluationandverificationoffiftypakchoiibrassicarapaisspichinensisivarietiesunderwaterdeficitcondition |