Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of bone marrow (BM) clonal plasma cells, which are strictly dependent on the microenvironment. Despite the improvement of MM survival with the use of new drugs, MM patients still relapse and become always refractory...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2259 |
| _version_ | 1797395380593229824 |
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| author | Valentina Marchica Federica Costa Gaetano Donofrio Nicola Giuliani |
| author_facet | Valentina Marchica Federica Costa Gaetano Donofrio Nicola Giuliani |
| author_sort | Valentina Marchica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of bone marrow (BM) clonal plasma cells, which are strictly dependent on the microenvironment. Despite the improvement of MM survival with the use of new drugs, MM patients still relapse and become always refractory to the treatment. The development of new therapeutic strategies targeting both tumor and microenvironment cells are necessary. Oncolytic virotherapy represent a promising approach in cancer treatment due to tumor-specific oncolysis and activation of the immune system. Different types of human viruses were checked in preclinical MM models, and the use of several viruses are currently investigated in clinical trials in MM patients. More recently, the use of alternative non-human viruses has been also highlighted in preclinical studies. This strategy could avoid the antiviral immune response of the patients against human viruses due to vaccination or natural infections, which could invalid the efficiency of virotherapy approach. In this review, we explored the effects of the main oncolytic viruses, which act through both direct and indirect mechanisms targeting myeloma and microenvironment cells inducing an anti-MM response. The efficacy of the oncolytic virus-therapy in combination with other anti-MM drugs targeting the microenvironment has been also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9b9d5ac1db3e408487ca7020c1bbc07b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9b9d5ac1db3e408487ca7020c1bbc07b2023-12-11T18:17:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01225225910.3390/ijms22052259Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple MyelomaValentina Marchica0Federica Costa1Gaetano Donofrio2Nicola Giuliani3Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, ItalyMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of bone marrow (BM) clonal plasma cells, which are strictly dependent on the microenvironment. Despite the improvement of MM survival with the use of new drugs, MM patients still relapse and become always refractory to the treatment. The development of new therapeutic strategies targeting both tumor and microenvironment cells are necessary. Oncolytic virotherapy represent a promising approach in cancer treatment due to tumor-specific oncolysis and activation of the immune system. Different types of human viruses were checked in preclinical MM models, and the use of several viruses are currently investigated in clinical trials in MM patients. More recently, the use of alternative non-human viruses has been also highlighted in preclinical studies. This strategy could avoid the antiviral immune response of the patients against human viruses due to vaccination or natural infections, which could invalid the efficiency of virotherapy approach. In this review, we explored the effects of the main oncolytic viruses, which act through both direct and indirect mechanisms targeting myeloma and microenvironment cells inducing an anti-MM response. The efficacy of the oncolytic virus-therapy in combination with other anti-MM drugs targeting the microenvironment has been also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2259oncolytic virotherapymultiple myelomamicroenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Marchica Federica Costa Gaetano Donofrio Nicola Giuliani Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma International Journal of Molecular Sciences oncolytic virotherapy multiple myeloma microenvironment |
| title | Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full | Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_fullStr | Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_short | Oncolytic Virotherapy and Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma |
| title_sort | oncolytic virotherapy and microenvironment in multiple myeloma |
| topic | oncolytic virotherapy multiple myeloma microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2259 |
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