Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization
Germanium (Ge) as an important strategic metal is widely used in many modern-technology fields such as optical fiber and thermal solar cells. In this study, the volatilization behavior of Ge from low-grade germanium-bearing lignite was investigated in detail through reductive volatilization. The res...
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2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5374 |
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| author | Rengao Yang Weifeng Song Shuai Rao Jinzhang Tao Dongxing Wang Hongyang Cao Zhiqiang Liu |
| author_facet | Rengao Yang Weifeng Song Shuai Rao Jinzhang Tao Dongxing Wang Hongyang Cao Zhiqiang Liu |
| author_sort | Rengao Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Germanium (Ge) as an important strategic metal is widely used in many modern-technology fields such as optical fiber and thermal solar cells. In this study, the volatilization behavior of Ge from low-grade germanium-bearing lignite was investigated in detail through reductive volatilization. The results indicated that temperature and air flow rate in the semi-closed roasting system played a significant role in the process. The optimal volitation efficiency of Ge reached 98% at 1100 °C for 2 h with air flow rate of 0.7 L/min in a maffle furnace, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the contents of Ge lowered to 30 ppm in the roasting residue. Analysis of the enriched ash yielded 71,600 ppm for Ge. Chemical phase analysis of the Ge in the enrichment ash showed that soluble Ge accounted for 82.18% of the total Ge, which could be viewed as an excellent material for Ge extraction by chlorinated distillation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ba26300ad8149d9a322d1609c959c7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ba26300ad8149d9a322d1609c959c7b2023-11-18T23:12:27ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011615537410.3390/ma16155374Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive VolatilizationRengao Yang0Weifeng Song1Shuai Rao2Jinzhang Tao3Dongxing Wang4Hongyang Cao5Zhiqiang Liu6School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaInstitute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaInstitute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaInstitute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaInstitute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaInstitute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, ChinaGermanium (Ge) as an important strategic metal is widely used in many modern-technology fields such as optical fiber and thermal solar cells. In this study, the volatilization behavior of Ge from low-grade germanium-bearing lignite was investigated in detail through reductive volatilization. The results indicated that temperature and air flow rate in the semi-closed roasting system played a significant role in the process. The optimal volitation efficiency of Ge reached 98% at 1100 °C for 2 h with air flow rate of 0.7 L/min in a maffle furnace, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the contents of Ge lowered to 30 ppm in the roasting residue. Analysis of the enriched ash yielded 71,600 ppm for Ge. Chemical phase analysis of the Ge in the enrichment ash showed that soluble Ge accounted for 82.18% of the total Ge, which could be viewed as an excellent material for Ge extraction by chlorinated distillation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5374germaniumvolatilizereductionlignite |
| spellingShingle | Rengao Yang Weifeng Song Shuai Rao Jinzhang Tao Dongxing Wang Hongyang Cao Zhiqiang Liu Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization Materials germanium volatilize reduction lignite |
| title | Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization |
| title_full | Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization |
| title_short | Extraction of Germanium from Low-Grade Germanium-Bearing Lignite by Reductive Volatilization |
| title_sort | extraction of germanium from low grade germanium bearing lignite by reductive volatilization |
| topic | germanium volatilize reduction lignite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5374 |
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