Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) could be the potential anatomical structure responsible for rotational instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical and biomechanical chara...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/2/419 |
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| author | Dae Keun Suh Il-Yup Cho Sehyun Noh Dong Joo Yoon Ki-Mo Jang |
| author_facet | Dae Keun Suh Il-Yup Cho Sehyun Noh Dong Joo Yoon Ki-Mo Jang |
| author_sort | Dae Keun Suh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) could be the potential anatomical structure responsible for rotational instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the ALL in Korean cadaveric knee joints. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were dissected and tested. Femoral and tibial footprints of the ALL were recorded. Pivot shift and Lachman tests were measured with KiRA. <i>Results</i>: The prevalence of ALL was 100%. The average distance of the tibial footprint to the tip of the fibular head was 19.85 ± 3.41 mm; from the tibial footprint to Gerdy’s tubercle (GT) was 18.3 ± 4.19 mm; from the femoral footprint to the lateral femoral epicondyle was 10.25 ± 2.97 mm. ALL’s footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (47.83 ± 8.05 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.01) in a knee with intact ALL–ACL and neutral rotation. During internal rotation, the footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (50.05 ± 8.88 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Internal rotation produced a significant increase at all three angles after ACL–ALL were transected (<i>p</i> = 0.022), where the footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (52.05 ± 7.60 mm). No significant difference was observed in KiRA measurements between intact ALL–ACL and ALL-transected knees for pivot shift and Lachman tests. However, ACL–ALL-transected knees showed significant differences compared to the intact ALL–ACL and ALL-transected knees (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: The ALL was identified as a distinct ligament structure with a 100% prevalence in this cadaveric study. The ALL plays a protective role in internal rotational stability. An isolated ALL transection did not significantly affect the ALL footprint distances or functional stability tests. Therefore, the ALL is thought to act as a secondary supportive stabilizer for rotational stability of the knee joint in conjunction with the ACL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:27:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ba2ffa22a7146539653a8c6406e44d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:27:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9ba2ffa22a7146539653a8c6406e44d92023-11-16T22:01:32ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-02-0159241910.3390/medicina59020419Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial AccelerometerDae Keun Suh0Il-Yup Cho1Sehyun Noh2Dong Joo Yoon3Ki-Mo Jang4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of KoreaJoint Center, Seoul Barunsesang Hospital, Seoul 08523, Republic of KoreaCollege of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaCollege of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea<i>Background and Objectives</i>: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) could be the potential anatomical structure responsible for rotational instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the ALL in Korean cadaveric knee joints. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were dissected and tested. Femoral and tibial footprints of the ALL were recorded. Pivot shift and Lachman tests were measured with KiRA. <i>Results</i>: The prevalence of ALL was 100%. The average distance of the tibial footprint to the tip of the fibular head was 19.85 ± 3.41 mm; from the tibial footprint to Gerdy’s tubercle (GT) was 18.3 ± 4.19 mm; from the femoral footprint to the lateral femoral epicondyle was 10.25 ± 2.97 mm. ALL’s footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (47.83 ± 8.05 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.01) in a knee with intact ALL–ACL and neutral rotation. During internal rotation, the footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (50.05 ± 8.88 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Internal rotation produced a significant increase at all three angles after ACL–ALL were transected (<i>p</i> = 0.022), where the footprint distance was the longest at 30° of flexion (52.05 ± 7.60 mm). No significant difference was observed in KiRA measurements between intact ALL–ACL and ALL-transected knees for pivot shift and Lachman tests. However, ACL–ALL-transected knees showed significant differences compared to the intact ALL–ACL and ALL-transected knees (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: The ALL was identified as a distinct ligament structure with a 100% prevalence in this cadaveric study. The ALL plays a protective role in internal rotational stability. An isolated ALL transection did not significantly affect the ALL footprint distances or functional stability tests. Therefore, the ALL is thought to act as a secondary supportive stabilizer for rotational stability of the knee joint in conjunction with the ACL.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/2/419kneeanterolateral ligamentanterior cruciate ligamentrotatory instabilitycadaver studytriaxial accelerometer |
| spellingShingle | Dae Keun Suh Il-Yup Cho Sehyun Noh Dong Joo Yoon Ki-Mo Jang Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer Medicina knee anterolateral ligament anterior cruciate ligament rotatory instability cadaver study triaxial accelerometer |
| title | Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer |
| title_full | Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer |
| title_short | Anatomical and Biomechanical Characteristics of the Anterolateral Ligament: A Descriptive Korean Cadaveric Study Using a Triaxial Accelerometer |
| title_sort | anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the anterolateral ligament a descriptive korean cadaveric study using a triaxial accelerometer |
| topic | knee anterolateral ligament anterior cruciate ligament rotatory instability cadaver study triaxial accelerometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/2/419 |
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