Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11946 |
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| author | Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu |
| author_facet | Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu |
| author_sort | Xingju Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5 are located in the apicoplast, which suggests unique functions for these proteins. Although single-gene deficiency did not affect the growth of parasites, a double knockout (Δ<i>grx</i> S14Δ<i>grx</i> C5) significantly reduced their reproductive capacity. However, there were no significant changes in redox indices (GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical levels) in double-knockout parasites, indicating that <i>grx</i> S14 and <i>grx</i> C5 are not essential for maintaining the redox balance in parasite cells. Key amino acid mutations confirmed that the Cys<sup>203</sup> of <i>grx</i> S14 and Cys<sup>253/256</sup> of <i>grx</i> C5 are important for parasite growth. Based on comparative proteomics, 79 proteins were significantly downregulated in double-knockout parasites, including proteins mainly involved in the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and protein translation. Collectively, GRX S14 and GRX C5 coordinate the growth of parasites. However, considering their special localization, the unique functions of GRX S14 and GRX C5 need to be further studied. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:00:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e4684 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:00:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e46842023-11-22T21:00:22ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122211194610.3390/ijms222111946Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>Xingju Song0Xu Yang1Zhu Ying2Heng Zhang3Jing Liu4Qun Liu5National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaGlutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5 are located in the apicoplast, which suggests unique functions for these proteins. Although single-gene deficiency did not affect the growth of parasites, a double knockout (Δ<i>grx</i> S14Δ<i>grx</i> C5) significantly reduced their reproductive capacity. However, there were no significant changes in redox indices (GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical levels) in double-knockout parasites, indicating that <i>grx</i> S14 and <i>grx</i> C5 are not essential for maintaining the redox balance in parasite cells. Key amino acid mutations confirmed that the Cys<sup>203</sup> of <i>grx</i> S14 and Cys<sup>253/256</sup> of <i>grx</i> C5 are important for parasite growth. Based on comparative proteomics, 79 proteins were significantly downregulated in double-knockout parasites, including proteins mainly involved in the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and protein translation. Collectively, GRX S14 and GRX C5 coordinate the growth of parasites. However, considering their special localization, the unique functions of GRX S14 and GRX C5 need to be further studied.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11946<i>Neospora caninum</i>apicoplastglutaredoxin S14glutaredoxin C5 |
| spellingShingle | Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Neospora caninum</i> apicoplast glutaredoxin S14 glutaredoxin C5 |
| title | Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> |
| title_full | Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> |
| title_short | Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i> |
| title_sort | identification and function of apicoplast glutaredoxins in i neospora caninum i |
| topic | <i>Neospora caninum</i> apicoplast glutaredoxin S14 glutaredoxin C5 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11946 |
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