Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib
Coumarins, which occur naturally in the plant kingdom, are diverse class of secondary metabolites. With their antiproliferative, chemopreventive and antiangiogenetic properties, they can be used in the treatment of cancer. Their therapeutic potential depends on the type and location of the attachmen...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5192 |
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| author | Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro Adrian Zając Ewa Langner Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Aleksandra Maciejczyk Wojciech Rzeski Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil |
| author_facet | Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro Adrian Zając Ewa Langner Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Aleksandra Maciejczyk Wojciech Rzeski Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil |
| author_sort | Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coumarins, which occur naturally in the plant kingdom, are diverse class of secondary metabolites. With their antiproliferative, chemopreventive and antiangiogenetic properties, they can be used in the treatment of cancer. Their therapeutic potential depends on the type and location of the attachment of substituents to the ring. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of simple coumarins (osthole, umbelliferone, esculin, and 4-hydroxycoumarin) combined with sorafenib (specific inhibitor of Raf (Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma) kinase) in programmed death induction in human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cells lines. Osthole and umbelliferone were isolated from fruits: <i>Mutellina purpurea</i> L. and <i>Heracleum leskowii</i> L., respectively, while esculin and 4-hydroxycoumarin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis were identified microscopically after straining with specific fluorochromes. The level of caspase 3, Beclin 1, PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and Raf kinases were estimated by immunoblotting. Transfection with specific siRNA (small interfering RNA) was used to block Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Raf, and PI3K expression. Cell migration was tested with the wound healing assay. The present study has shown that all the coumarins eliminated the MOGGCCM and T98G tumor cells mainly via apoptosis and, to a lesser extent, via autophagy. Osthole, which has an isoprenyl moiety, was shown to be the most effective compound. Sorafenib did not change the proapoptotic activity of this coumarin; however, it reduced the level of autophagy. At the molecular level, the induction of apoptosis was associated with a decrease in the expression of PI3K and Raf kinases, whereas an increase in the level of Beclin 1 was observed in the case of autophagy. Inhibition of the expression of this protein by specific siRNA eliminated autophagy. Moreover, the blocking of the expression of Bcl-2 and PI3K significantly increased the level of apoptosis. Osthole and sorafenib successfully inhibited the migration of the MOGGCCM and T98G cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:01:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bafea06528243acb145fcfd1be3ccf8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:01:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bafea06528243acb145fcfd1be3ccf82023-11-20T20:10:40ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012521519210.3390/molecules25215192Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with SorafenibJoanna Sumorek-Wiadro0Adrian Zając1Ewa Langner2Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak3Aleksandra Maciejczyk4Wojciech Rzeski5Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil6Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, PolandIndependent Laboratory of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandCoumarins, which occur naturally in the plant kingdom, are diverse class of secondary metabolites. With their antiproliferative, chemopreventive and antiangiogenetic properties, they can be used in the treatment of cancer. Their therapeutic potential depends on the type and location of the attachment of substituents to the ring. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of simple coumarins (osthole, umbelliferone, esculin, and 4-hydroxycoumarin) combined with sorafenib (specific inhibitor of Raf (Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma) kinase) in programmed death induction in human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cells lines. Osthole and umbelliferone were isolated from fruits: <i>Mutellina purpurea</i> L. and <i>Heracleum leskowii</i> L., respectively, while esculin and 4-hydroxycoumarin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis were identified microscopically after straining with specific fluorochromes. The level of caspase 3, Beclin 1, PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase), and Raf kinases were estimated by immunoblotting. Transfection with specific siRNA (small interfering RNA) was used to block Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Raf, and PI3K expression. Cell migration was tested with the wound healing assay. The present study has shown that all the coumarins eliminated the MOGGCCM and T98G tumor cells mainly via apoptosis and, to a lesser extent, via autophagy. Osthole, which has an isoprenyl moiety, was shown to be the most effective compound. Sorafenib did not change the proapoptotic activity of this coumarin; however, it reduced the level of autophagy. At the molecular level, the induction of apoptosis was associated with a decrease in the expression of PI3K and Raf kinases, whereas an increase in the level of Beclin 1 was observed in the case of autophagy. Inhibition of the expression of this protein by specific siRNA eliminated autophagy. Moreover, the blocking of the expression of Bcl-2 and PI3K significantly increased the level of apoptosis. Osthole and sorafenib successfully inhibited the migration of the MOGGCCM and T98G cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5192ostholeumbelliferoneesculin4-hydroxycoumarinsorafenibapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro Adrian Zając Ewa Langner Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak Aleksandra Maciejczyk Wojciech Rzeski Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib Molecules osthole umbelliferone esculin 4-hydroxycoumarin sorafenib apoptosis |
| title | Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib |
| title_full | Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib |
| title_fullStr | Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib |
| title_short | Antiglioma Potential of Coumarins Combined with Sorafenib |
| title_sort | antiglioma potential of coumarins combined with sorafenib |
| topic | osthole umbelliferone esculin 4-hydroxycoumarin sorafenib apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5192 |
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