Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories
The Euro 4 regulation, applicable since 2016 for L-category vehicles (i.e., two and three-wheelers, and mini cars) reduced the emission limits, but also introduced a new cycle, the WMTC (World Harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle). The emission studies of Euro 4 motorcycles are limited, and most importa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8101 |
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| author | Piotr Bielaczyc Wojciech Honkisz Joseph Woodburn Andrzej Szczotka Fabrizio Forloni Dominique Lesueur Barouch Giechaskiel |
| author_facet | Piotr Bielaczyc Wojciech Honkisz Joseph Woodburn Andrzej Szczotka Fabrizio Forloni Dominique Lesueur Barouch Giechaskiel |
| author_sort | Piotr Bielaczyc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Euro 4 regulation, applicable since 2016 for L-category vehicles (i.e., two and three-wheelers, and mini cars) reduced the emission limits, but also introduced a new cycle, the WMTC (World Harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle). The emission studies of Euro 4 motorcycles are limited, and most importantly there are no published studies comparing the results of different laboratories applying the new cycle. In this study we compared the particle and gaseous pollutants of one Euro 4 motorcycle measured in two laboratories in 2017 and 2020. The gaseous pollutant results had a variance (one standard deviation of the means) of 0.5% for CO<sub>2</sub>, 4–19% for CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, HC (hydrocarbons) and SPN (Solid Particle Number). The particulate matter mass results had higher variance of 50–60%. Additional tests with open configuration to mimic dilution at the tailpipe gave equivalent results to the closed configuration for the gaseous pollutants and SPN. The total particles (including volatiles) had significant differences between the two configurations, with the closed configuration giving higher results. The main conclusion of this study is that the new procedures have very good reproducibility, even for the SPN that is not regulated for L-category vehicles. However, the measurement of total particles needs attention due to the high sensitivity of volatile particles to the sampling conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:54:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bb2e9e02e094f88973cd3b742b8fef1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:54:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bb2e9e02e094f88973cd3b742b8fef12023-11-23T02:22:38ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-12-011423810110.3390/en14238101Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two LaboratoriesPiotr Bielaczyc0Wojciech Honkisz1Joseph Woodburn2Andrzej Szczotka3Fabrizio Forloni4Dominique Lesueur5Barouch Giechaskiel6BOSMAL Automotive R&D Institute Ltd., 43300 Bielsko-Biala, PolandBOSMAL Automotive R&D Institute Ltd., 43300 Bielsko-Biala, PolandBOSMAL Automotive R&D Institute Ltd., 43300 Bielsko-Biala, PolandBOSMAL Automotive R&D Institute Ltd., 43300 Bielsko-Biala, PolandJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, ItalyJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, ItalyJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, 21027 Ispra, ItalyThe Euro 4 regulation, applicable since 2016 for L-category vehicles (i.e., two and three-wheelers, and mini cars) reduced the emission limits, but also introduced a new cycle, the WMTC (World Harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle). The emission studies of Euro 4 motorcycles are limited, and most importantly there are no published studies comparing the results of different laboratories applying the new cycle. In this study we compared the particle and gaseous pollutants of one Euro 4 motorcycle measured in two laboratories in 2017 and 2020. The gaseous pollutant results had a variance (one standard deviation of the means) of 0.5% for CO<sub>2</sub>, 4–19% for CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, HC (hydrocarbons) and SPN (Solid Particle Number). The particulate matter mass results had higher variance of 50–60%. Additional tests with open configuration to mimic dilution at the tailpipe gave equivalent results to the closed configuration for the gaseous pollutants and SPN. The total particles (including volatiles) had significant differences between the two configurations, with the closed configuration giving higher results. The main conclusion of this study is that the new procedures have very good reproducibility, even for the SPN that is not regulated for L-category vehicles. However, the measurement of total particles needs attention due to the high sensitivity of volatile particles to the sampling conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8101air pollutionvehicle emissionsL-categoryinter-laboratory comparisonparticulate matter (PM)particle number |
| spellingShingle | Piotr Bielaczyc Wojciech Honkisz Joseph Woodburn Andrzej Szczotka Fabrizio Forloni Dominique Lesueur Barouch Giechaskiel Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories Energies air pollution vehicle emissions L-category inter-laboratory comparison particulate matter (PM) particle number |
| title | Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories |
| title_full | Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories |
| title_fullStr | Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories |
| title_short | Inter-Comparison of Particle and Gaseous Pollutant Emissions of a Euro 4 Motorcycle at Two Laboratories |
| title_sort | inter comparison of particle and gaseous pollutant emissions of a euro 4 motorcycle at two laboratories |
| topic | air pollution vehicle emissions L-category inter-laboratory comparison particulate matter (PM) particle number |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/23/8101 |
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