Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite
The skin sea surface temperature (SST) observed by the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite and bulk SST, including four in situ observations from ships, drifters, Argo, and buoys constitute more than 90,000 SST pairs used to analyze near-surface temperature variations. From July 2015 to May 2022, an...
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| Format: | Artykuł |
| Język: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Seria: | Remote Sensing |
| Hasła przedmiotowe: | |
| Dostęp online: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4975 |
| _version_ | 1827653165255753728 |
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| author | Po-Chun Hsu |
| author_facet | Po-Chun Hsu |
| author_sort | Po-Chun Hsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The skin sea surface temperature (SST) observed by the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite and bulk SST, including four in situ observations from ships, drifters, Argo, and buoys constitute more than 90,000 SST pairs used to analyze near-surface temperature variations. From July 2015 to May 2022, an average SST bias of 0.10 °C and root mean square error of 0.99 °C were observed in the waters adjacent to Taiwan. This study effectively observed that the skin effect generated by ocean wind and solar shortwave radiation caused the occurrence of a cool skin layer and diurnal warm layer (DWL), and 90% of the SST bias was in a range of −1.55~1.71 °C. In the daytime, the skin layer received solar shortwave radiation, thus increasing temperature and causing a DWL. With the increase in insolation, the SST bias in the DWL became more obvious. During winter, strong wind, or low shortwave radiation, the DWL may disappear and turn into a cool skin layer. At night, the near-surface SST was dominated by the cool skin effect, but the DWL generated in the daytime would remain if the wind speed was weak. However, the different hydrological characteristics of the observation position and its distance from the coast could affect the results of the skin effect. Whether there is a rapid change in ocean stratification in a spatial grid of nearly four square kilometers needs to be explored in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bb307d18bae4e3c8a2b24d2cc4fb7b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bb307d18bae4e3c8a2b24d2cc4fb7b42023-11-23T21:41:48ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-10-011419497510.3390/rs14194975Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 SatellitePo-Chun Hsu0Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan 320, TaiwanThe skin sea surface temperature (SST) observed by the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite and bulk SST, including four in situ observations from ships, drifters, Argo, and buoys constitute more than 90,000 SST pairs used to analyze near-surface temperature variations. From July 2015 to May 2022, an average SST bias of 0.10 °C and root mean square error of 0.99 °C were observed in the waters adjacent to Taiwan. This study effectively observed that the skin effect generated by ocean wind and solar shortwave radiation caused the occurrence of a cool skin layer and diurnal warm layer (DWL), and 90% of the SST bias was in a range of −1.55~1.71 °C. In the daytime, the skin layer received solar shortwave radiation, thus increasing temperature and causing a DWL. With the increase in insolation, the SST bias in the DWL became more obvious. During winter, strong wind, or low shortwave radiation, the DWL may disappear and turn into a cool skin layer. At night, the near-surface SST was dominated by the cool skin effect, but the DWL generated in the daytime would remain if the wind speed was weak. However, the different hydrological characteristics of the observation position and its distance from the coast could affect the results of the skin effect. Whether there is a rapid change in ocean stratification in a spatial grid of nearly four square kilometers needs to be explored in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4975Himawari-8skin SSTbulk SSTskin effectdiurnal warm layerdrifter |
| spellingShingle | Po-Chun Hsu Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite Remote Sensing Himawari-8 skin SST bulk SST skin effect diurnal warm layer drifter |
| title | Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite |
| title_full | Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite |
| title_short | Evaluation of Wind and Solar Insolation Influence on Ocean Near-Surface Temperature from In Situ Observations and the Geostationary Himawari-8 Satellite |
| title_sort | evaluation of wind and solar insolation influence on ocean near surface temperature from in situ observations and the geostationary himawari 8 satellite |
| topic | Himawari-8 skin SST bulk SST skin effect diurnal warm layer drifter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4975 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pochunhsu evaluationofwindandsolarinsolationinfluenceonoceannearsurfacetemperaturefrominsituobservationsandthegeostationaryhimawari8satellite |