HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave
There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here, we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (Beta dominated) infec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2021-10-01
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| Series: | eLife |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/67397 |
| _version_ | 1797991900599287808 |
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| author | Farina Karim Inbal Gazy Sandile Cele Yenzekile Zungu Robert Krause Mallory Bernstein Khadija Khan Yashica Ganga Hylton Rodel Ntombifuthi Mthabela Matilda Mazibuko Daniel Muema Dirhona Ramjit Thumbi Ndung'u Willem Hanekom Bernadett Gosnell COMMIT-KZN Team Richard J Lessells Emily B Wong Tulio de Oliveira Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa Gil Lustig Alasdair Leslie Henrik Kløverpris Alex Sigal |
| author_facet | Farina Karim Inbal Gazy Sandile Cele Yenzekile Zungu Robert Krause Mallory Bernstein Khadija Khan Yashica Ganga Hylton Rodel Ntombifuthi Mthabela Matilda Mazibuko Daniel Muema Dirhona Ramjit Thumbi Ndung'u Willem Hanekom Bernadett Gosnell COMMIT-KZN Team Richard J Lessells Emily B Wong Tulio de Oliveira Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa Gil Lustig Alasdair Leslie Henrik Kløverpris Alex Sigal |
| author_sort | Farina Karim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here, we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (Beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV-negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:59:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bce700a0c4f452c94c96e6bd3eb50fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:59:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bce700a0c4f452c94c96e6bd3eb50fd2022-12-22T04:32:49ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2021-10-011010.7554/eLife.67397HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection waveFarina Karim0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-016XInbal Gazy1Sandile Cele2Yenzekile Zungu3Robert Krause4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-0397Mallory Bernstein5Khadija Khan6Yashica Ganga7Hylton Rodel8Ntombifuthi Mthabela9Matilda Mazibuko10Daniel Muema11Dirhona Ramjit12Thumbi Ndung'u13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992Willem Hanekom14Bernadett Gosnell15COMMIT-KZN TeamRichard J Lessells16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-710XEmily B Wong17Tulio de Oliveira18Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa19Gil Lustig20Alasdair Leslie21Henrik Kløverpris22Alex Sigal23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-2004Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United KingdomAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, GermanyAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United StatesSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa; Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United StatesDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South AfricaAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United KingdomAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkAfrica Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, GermanyThere are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here, we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (Beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV-negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes.https://elifesciences.org/articles/67397SARS-CoV-2COVID-19HIVantiretroviral therapybeta variant |
| spellingShingle | Farina Karim Inbal Gazy Sandile Cele Yenzekile Zungu Robert Krause Mallory Bernstein Khadija Khan Yashica Ganga Hylton Rodel Ntombifuthi Mthabela Matilda Mazibuko Daniel Muema Dirhona Ramjit Thumbi Ndung'u Willem Hanekom Bernadett Gosnell COMMIT-KZN Team Richard J Lessells Emily B Wong Tulio de Oliveira Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa Gil Lustig Alasdair Leslie Henrik Kløverpris Alex Sigal HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave eLife SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 HIV antiretroviral therapy beta variant |
| title | HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave |
| title_full | HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave |
| title_fullStr | HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave |
| title_short | HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave |
| title_sort | hiv status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in beta variant sars cov 2 infection wave |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 HIV antiretroviral therapy beta variant |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/67397 |
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