Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils
Nickel (Ni) is extremely toxic to plants at high concentrations. Phytoliths have the potential to sequester the heavy metals absorbed by plants and act as a detoxification mechanism for the plant. The authors of the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ni on the growth and phytolith yield...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Soil Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/1/17 |
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| author | Enilson de Barros Silva Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi Lauana Lopes dos Santos Alexandre Chistofaro Silva Paulo Henrique Grazziotti Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni Ingrid Horák-Terra Sandra Antunes do Nascimento Bento Gil Uane |
| author_facet | Enilson de Barros Silva Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi Lauana Lopes dos Santos Alexandre Chistofaro Silva Paulo Henrique Grazziotti Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni Ingrid Horák-Terra Sandra Antunes do Nascimento Bento Gil Uane |
| author_sort | Enilson de Barros Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nickel (Ni) is extremely toxic to plants at high concentrations. Phytoliths have the potential to sequester the heavy metals absorbed by plants and act as a detoxification mechanism for the plant. The authors of the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ni on the growth and phytolith yield of grasses in two artificially contaminated soils. Two experiments separated by soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment and Rhodic Hapludox) were conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors were two species of grass (<i>Urochloa decumbens</i> and <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>) and three concentrations of Ni (20, 40, and 120 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and control treatment. The grasses were influenced by the increase in Ni rates in the soils. Ni exerted a micronutrient function with the addition of 30 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of Ni in soils, but this concentration caused toxicity in grasses. Such a level is lower than the limits imposed by the Brazilian environmental legislation. Higher Ni availability in Typic Quartzipsamment promoted Ni toxicity, with reduced growth and increased phytolith yield in the shoot, increased Ni in the shoot, and Ni occlusion in phytoliths by grasses, in comparison with Rhodic Hapludox. The yield and Ni capture in phytoliths by grasses in Ni-contaminated soils are related to the genetic and physiological differences between grasses and Ni availability in soils. Ni capture by phytoliths indicates that it may be one of the detoxification mechanisms of <i>Urochloa decumbens</i> to Ni contamination, providing additional tolerance. <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i> may be a future grass for the phytoremediation technique in Ni-contaminated soils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:49:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bcf80211b4b4e309741a2ab91fc940c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-8789 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:49:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Soil Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bcf80211b4b4e309741a2ab91fc940c2024-03-27T14:04:50ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892024-01-01811710.3390/soilsystems8010017Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated SoilsEnilson de Barros Silva0Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi1Lauana Lopes dos Santos2Alexandre Chistofaro Silva3Paulo Henrique Grazziotti4Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni5Ingrid Horák-Terra6Sandra Antunes do Nascimento7Bento Gil Uane8Department of Agronomy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus JK, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Forestry, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus JK, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus JK, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Forestry, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus JK, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Forestry, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus JK, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, BrazilDepartment of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, BrazilInstitute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley (UFVJM), Campus Unaí, Unaí 38610-000, MG, BrazilInstitute of the Environment and Water Resources, Av. Luís Viana Filho, 600, Salvador 41745-900, BA, BrazilDepartment of Agro-processing and Veterinary, Pungue University, P.O. Box 333, Chimoio 2200, MozambiqueNickel (Ni) is extremely toxic to plants at high concentrations. Phytoliths have the potential to sequester the heavy metals absorbed by plants and act as a detoxification mechanism for the plant. The authors of the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ni on the growth and phytolith yield of grasses in two artificially contaminated soils. Two experiments separated by soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment and Rhodic Hapludox) were conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors were two species of grass (<i>Urochloa decumbens</i> and <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>) and three concentrations of Ni (20, 40, and 120 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and control treatment. The grasses were influenced by the increase in Ni rates in the soils. Ni exerted a micronutrient function with the addition of 30 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of Ni in soils, but this concentration caused toxicity in grasses. Such a level is lower than the limits imposed by the Brazilian environmental legislation. Higher Ni availability in Typic Quartzipsamment promoted Ni toxicity, with reduced growth and increased phytolith yield in the shoot, increased Ni in the shoot, and Ni occlusion in phytoliths by grasses, in comparison with Rhodic Hapludox. The yield and Ni capture in phytoliths by grasses in Ni-contaminated soils are related to the genetic and physiological differences between grasses and Ni availability in soils. Ni capture by phytoliths indicates that it may be one of the detoxification mechanisms of <i>Urochloa decumbens</i> to Ni contamination, providing additional tolerance. <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i> may be a future grass for the phytoremediation technique in Ni-contaminated soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/1/17heavy metal<i>Urochloa</i><i>Megathyrsus maximus</i>entisoloxisolphytolith |
| spellingShingle | Enilson de Barros Silva Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi Lauana Lopes dos Santos Alexandre Chistofaro Silva Paulo Henrique Grazziotti Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni Ingrid Horák-Terra Sandra Antunes do Nascimento Bento Gil Uane Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils Soil Systems heavy metal <i>Urochloa</i> <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i> entisol oxisol phytolith |
| title | Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils |
| title_full | Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils |
| title_fullStr | Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils |
| title_short | Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils |
| title_sort | nickel effects on growth and phytolith yield of grasses in contaminated soils |
| topic | heavy metal <i>Urochloa</i> <i>Megathyrsus maximus</i> entisol oxisol phytolith |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/8/1/17 |
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