An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials
Building cooling and heating, solar-powered energy production, energy recovery, and other energy-consuming industries have all seen an increase in the use of cold/hot latent thermal energy storage (LH-TES). Through energy recovery, LH-TES that uses phase-change materials (PCMs) as a storage medium h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3306 |
| _version_ | 1797605661272440832 |
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| author | Rajendran Prabakaran Palanisamy Dhamodharan Anbalagan Sathishkumar Paride Gullo Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram Saravanan Pandiaraj Abdullah Alodhayb Ghada A. Khouqeer Sung-Chul Kim |
| author_facet | Rajendran Prabakaran Palanisamy Dhamodharan Anbalagan Sathishkumar Paride Gullo Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram Saravanan Pandiaraj Abdullah Alodhayb Ghada A. Khouqeer Sung-Chul Kim |
| author_sort | Rajendran Prabakaran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Building cooling and heating, solar-powered energy production, energy recovery, and other energy-consuming industries have all seen an increase in the use of cold/hot latent thermal energy storage (LH-TES). Through energy recovery, LH-TES that uses phase-change materials (PCMs) as a storage medium helps to close the energy supply and demand gap and raises the possibility of energy savings. However, the stability, thermal, physical, and chemical properties of the PCM play a major role in how effectively it can be used. In recent years, adding gelling and thickening agents (GTAs) has gained popularity apart from the nanoparticles (NPs) and nucleating triggers (NTs), particularly for the creation of stable PCMs. Therefore, the current work’s goal is to provide an overview of how GTAs are used in the process of developing reliable PCMs for TES applications. It has been found that using GTAs not only increased stability but also decreased sedimentation, leakage, and the supercooling degree (SCD). It was noted that the addition of a GTA with a weight percentage of 2–15% resulted in excellent stability with a negligible leakage rate and latent heat reduced by 3.6–35% after only 200 cycles. Furthermore, PCMs for solar-thermal and building heating systems in the medium-temperature range (21–61 °C) were mostly studied for their performance with GTAs, but no study for a cool TES application was reported. Most works have studied inorganic PCM components with GTAs, and a few reports are available for paraffin. However, the GTA blending resulted in reduced thermal performance due to a decrease in thermal conductivity, latent heat, and a rise in viscosity. Further, NTs and NPs with small amounts were seeded into the PCM-GTA for eradicating the SCD with enhanced TC and accelerated energy transfer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:04:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bd22f2b1cd84a3a99930942b65e66be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:04:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bd22f2b1cd84a3a99930942b65e66be2023-11-17T19:03:21ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-04-01168330610.3390/en16083306An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage MaterialsRajendran Prabakaran0Palanisamy Dhamodharan1Anbalagan Sathishkumar2Paride Gullo3Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram4Saravanan Pandiaraj5Abdullah Alodhayb6Ghada A. Khouqeer7Sung-Chul Kim8School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, DenmarkInstitute of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Basic Science and Self-Development Skills, CFY Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of KoreaBuilding cooling and heating, solar-powered energy production, energy recovery, and other energy-consuming industries have all seen an increase in the use of cold/hot latent thermal energy storage (LH-TES). Through energy recovery, LH-TES that uses phase-change materials (PCMs) as a storage medium helps to close the energy supply and demand gap and raises the possibility of energy savings. However, the stability, thermal, physical, and chemical properties of the PCM play a major role in how effectively it can be used. In recent years, adding gelling and thickening agents (GTAs) has gained popularity apart from the nanoparticles (NPs) and nucleating triggers (NTs), particularly for the creation of stable PCMs. Therefore, the current work’s goal is to provide an overview of how GTAs are used in the process of developing reliable PCMs for TES applications. It has been found that using GTAs not only increased stability but also decreased sedimentation, leakage, and the supercooling degree (SCD). It was noted that the addition of a GTA with a weight percentage of 2–15% resulted in excellent stability with a negligible leakage rate and latent heat reduced by 3.6–35% after only 200 cycles. Furthermore, PCMs for solar-thermal and building heating systems in the medium-temperature range (21–61 °C) were mostly studied for their performance with GTAs, but no study for a cool TES application was reported. Most works have studied inorganic PCM components with GTAs, and a few reports are available for paraffin. However, the GTA blending resulted in reduced thermal performance due to a decrease in thermal conductivity, latent heat, and a rise in viscosity. Further, NTs and NPs with small amounts were seeded into the PCM-GTA for eradicating the SCD with enhanced TC and accelerated energy transfer.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3306thermal energy storagephase-change materialsstabilitygelling and thickening agentsnucleating triggersnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Rajendran Prabakaran Palanisamy Dhamodharan Anbalagan Sathishkumar Paride Gullo Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram Saravanan Pandiaraj Abdullah Alodhayb Ghada A. Khouqeer Sung-Chul Kim An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials Energies thermal energy storage phase-change materials stability gelling and thickening agents nucleating triggers nanoparticles |
| title | An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials |
| title_full | An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials |
| title_short | An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials |
| title_sort | overview of the state of the art and challenges in the use of gelling and thickening agents to create stable thermal energy storage materials |
| topic | thermal energy storage phase-change materials stability gelling and thickening agents nucleating triggers nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3306 |
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