Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Fermented aqueous extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. are widely used for cancer treatment in complementary medicine. The high molecular weight compounds viscotoxins and lectins are considered to be the main active substances in the extracts. However, a vast number of small molecules (≤15...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4006 |
| _version_ | 1797554787042983936 |
|---|---|
| author | Evelyn Peñaloza Carla Holandino Claudia Scherr Paula I. P. de Araujo Ricardo M. Borges Konrad Urech Stephan Baumgartner Rafael Garrett |
| author_facet | Evelyn Peñaloza Carla Holandino Claudia Scherr Paula I. P. de Araujo Ricardo M. Borges Konrad Urech Stephan Baumgartner Rafael Garrett |
| author_sort | Evelyn Peñaloza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fermented aqueous extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. are widely used for cancer treatment in complementary medicine. The high molecular weight compounds viscotoxins and lectins are considered to be the main active substances in the extracts. However, a vast number of small molecules (≤1500 Da) is also expected to be present, and few studies have investigated their identities. In this study, a comprehensive metabolome analysis of samples of fermented aqueous extracts of <i>V. album</i> from two host tree species (<i>Malus domestica</i> and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>), both prepared by two pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, was performed by liquid chromatography−high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). A total of 212 metabolites were putatively annotated, including primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary metabolites (mostly phenolic compounds). A clear separation between <i>V. album</i> samples according to the host tree species, but not due to manufacturing processes, was observed by principal component analysis. The biomarkers responsible for this discrimination were assessed by partial least squares−discriminant analysis. Because <i>V. album</i> extracts from different host trees have different clinical applications, the present work highlights the possibility of characterizing the metabolome for identification and traceability of <i>V. album</i> fermented aqueous extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bd98c62661c49c2848695c71c6b7366 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bd98c62661c49c2848695c71c6b73662023-11-20T12:18:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-09-012517400610.3390/molecules25174006Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass SpectrometryEvelyn Peñaloza0Carla Holandino1Claudia Scherr2Paula I. P. de Araujo3Ricardo M. Borges4Konrad Urech5Stephan Baumgartner6Rafael Garrett7Metabolomics Laboratory, Institute of chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMultidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHiscia Research Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandMetabolomics Laboratory, Institute of chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilWalter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHiscia Research Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandHiscia Research Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, SwitzerlandMetabolomics Laboratory, Institute of chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFermented aqueous extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. are widely used for cancer treatment in complementary medicine. The high molecular weight compounds viscotoxins and lectins are considered to be the main active substances in the extracts. However, a vast number of small molecules (≤1500 Da) is also expected to be present, and few studies have investigated their identities. In this study, a comprehensive metabolome analysis of samples of fermented aqueous extracts of <i>V. album</i> from two host tree species (<i>Malus domestica</i> and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>), both prepared by two pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, was performed by liquid chromatography−high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). A total of 212 metabolites were putatively annotated, including primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, etc.) and secondary metabolites (mostly phenolic compounds). A clear separation between <i>V. album</i> samples according to the host tree species, but not due to manufacturing processes, was observed by principal component analysis. The biomarkers responsible for this discrimination were assessed by partial least squares−discriminant analysis. Because <i>V. album</i> extracts from different host trees have different clinical applications, the present work highlights the possibility of characterizing the metabolome for identification and traceability of <i>V. album</i> fermented aqueous extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4006mistletoemetabolic profilingLC-MShost treemetabolomicsnatural products |
| spellingShingle | Evelyn Peñaloza Carla Holandino Claudia Scherr Paula I. P. de Araujo Ricardo M. Borges Konrad Urech Stephan Baumgartner Rafael Garrett Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecules mistletoe metabolic profiling LC-MS host tree metabolomics natural products |
| title | Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Comprehensive Metabolome Analysis of Fermented Aqueous Extracts of <i>Viscum album</i> L. by Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | comprehensive metabolome analysis of fermented aqueous extracts of i viscum album i l by liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry |
| topic | mistletoe metabolic profiling LC-MS host tree metabolomics natural products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/4006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evelynpenaloza comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT carlaholandino comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT claudiascherr comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT paulaipdearaujo comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT ricardomborges comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT konradurech comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT stephanbaumgartner comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry AT rafaelgarrett comprehensivemetabolomeanalysisoffermentedaqueousextractsofiviscumalbumilbyliquidchromatographyhighresolutiontandemmassspectrometry |