Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of the HIV pandemic on vaccine-acquired population immunity to measles virus because high levels of population immunity are required to eliminate transmission of measles virus in large geographical areas, and HIV infection can reduce the efficacy of measles vaccinat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The World Health Organization
2005-05-01
|
| Series: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862005000500008&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1797284101482348544 |
|---|---|
| author | Rita F. Helfand William J. Moss Rafael Harpaz Susana Scott Felicity Cutts |
| author_facet | Rita F. Helfand William J. Moss Rafael Harpaz Susana Scott Felicity Cutts |
| author_sort | Rita F. Helfand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of the HIV pandemic on vaccine-acquired population immunity to measles virus because high levels of population immunity are required to eliminate transmission of measles virus in large geographical areas, and HIV infection can reduce the efficacy of measles vaccination. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to estimate key parameters relating to the potential impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of measles in sub-Saharan Africa; parameters included the prevalence of HIV, child mortality, perinatal HIV transmission rates and protective immune responses to measles vaccination. These parameter estimates were incorporated into a simple model, applicable to regions that have a high prevalence of HIV, to estimate the potential impact of HIV infection on population immunity against measles. FINDINGS: The model suggests that the HIV pandemic should not introduce an insurmountable barrier to measles control and elimination, in part because higher rates of primary and secondary vaccine failure among HIV-infected children are counteracted by their high mortality rate. The HIV pandemic could result in a 2-3% increase in the proportion of the birth cohort susceptible to measles, and more frequent supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) may be necessary to control or eliminate measles. In the model the optimal interval between SIAs was most influenced by the coverage rate for routine measles vaccination. The absence of a second opportunity for vaccination resulted in the greatest increase in the number of susceptible children. CONCLUSION: These results help explain the initial success of measles elimination efforts in southern Africa, where measles control has been achieved in a setting of high HIV prevalence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:44:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bdbdc1ee4c3412599800fe6acfce37d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-9686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:44:04Z |
| publishDate | 2005-05-01 |
| publisher | The World Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bdbdc1ee4c3412599800fe6acfce37d2024-03-02T15:35:57ZengThe World Health OrganizationBulletin of the World Health Organization0042-96862005-05-01835329337S0042-96862005000500008Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and eliminationRita F. Helfand0William J. Moss1Rafael Harpaz2Susana Scott3Felicity Cutts4Centers for Disease Control and PreventionJohns Hopkins UniversityCenters for Disease Control and PreventionLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineMedical Research Council LaboratoriesOBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of the HIV pandemic on vaccine-acquired population immunity to measles virus because high levels of population immunity are required to eliminate transmission of measles virus in large geographical areas, and HIV infection can reduce the efficacy of measles vaccination. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to estimate key parameters relating to the potential impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of measles in sub-Saharan Africa; parameters included the prevalence of HIV, child mortality, perinatal HIV transmission rates and protective immune responses to measles vaccination. These parameter estimates were incorporated into a simple model, applicable to regions that have a high prevalence of HIV, to estimate the potential impact of HIV infection on population immunity against measles. FINDINGS: The model suggests that the HIV pandemic should not introduce an insurmountable barrier to measles control and elimination, in part because higher rates of primary and secondary vaccine failure among HIV-infected children are counteracted by their high mortality rate. The HIV pandemic could result in a 2-3% increase in the proportion of the birth cohort susceptible to measles, and more frequent supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) may be necessary to control or eliminate measles. In the model the optimal interval between SIAs was most influenced by the coverage rate for routine measles vaccination. The absence of a second opportunity for vaccination resulted in the greatest increase in the number of susceptible children. CONCLUSION: These results help explain the initial success of measles elimination efforts in southern Africa, where measles control has been achieved in a setting of high HIV prevalence.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862005000500008&lng=en&tlng=enInfecciones por VIHVacuna antisarampiónSarampiónSarampiónReacciones antígeno-anticuerpoNiñoModelos estadísticosÁfrica del Sur del Sahara |
| spellingShingle | Rita F. Helfand William J. Moss Rafael Harpaz Susana Scott Felicity Cutts Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination Bulletin of the World Health Organization Infecciones por VIH Vacuna antisarampión Sarampión Sarampión Reacciones antígeno-anticuerpo Niño Modelos estadísticos África del Sur del Sahara |
| title | Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| title_full | Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| title_short | Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| title_sort | evaluating the impact of the hiv pandemic on measles control and elimination |
| topic | Infecciones por VIH Vacuna antisarampión Sarampión Sarampión Reacciones antígeno-anticuerpo Niño Modelos estadísticos África del Sur del Sahara |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862005000500008&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ritafhelfand evaluatingtheimpactofthehivpandemiconmeaslescontrolandelimination AT williamjmoss evaluatingtheimpactofthehivpandemiconmeaslescontrolandelimination AT rafaelharpaz evaluatingtheimpactofthehivpandemiconmeaslescontrolandelimination AT susanascott evaluatingtheimpactofthehivpandemiconmeaslescontrolandelimination AT felicitycutts evaluatingtheimpactofthehivpandemiconmeaslescontrolandelimination |