A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images
We propose a unified approach for the automatic and accurate segmentation of the pupil and iris from on-axis grayscale eye images. The segmentation of pupil and iris is achieved with Basis-spline-based active contour and circular active contour, respectively. The circular active contour shape templa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666990022000350 |
| _version_ | 1798005909976252416 |
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| author | Grissel Priyanka Mathias J.H. Gagan B. Vaibhav Mallya J.R. Harish Kumar |
| author_facet | Grissel Priyanka Mathias J.H. Gagan B. Vaibhav Mallya J.R. Harish Kumar |
| author_sort | Grissel Priyanka Mathias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose a unified approach for the automatic and accurate segmentation of the pupil and iris from on-axis grayscale eye images. The segmentation of pupil and iris is achieved with Basis-spline-based active contour and circular active contour, respectively. The circular active contour shape template has three free parameters, i.e., a pair of center coordinates and the radius. Basis-spline has M knots in the shape template and five free parameters i.e., a pair of center coordinates, scaling in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the rotation angle. The segmentation of the region of interest is done by minimization of the local energy function. Optimization of the local energy function of circular and Basis-spline-based active contour is carried out using gradient descent technique and Green’s theorem. To achieve the segmentation of iris boundary, the circular active contour method is combined with our novel occlusion removal algorithm. This helps in removing eyelid and eyelash occlusions for accurate iris segmentation. Automatic localization of the pupil is achieved by the sum of absolute difference method. The proposed algorithm is validated on three publicly available databases: IIT Delhi Iris, CASIA Iris Interval V3, and CASIA Iris Interval V4 databases consisting of 7518 grayscale iris images in total. For the segmentation of pupil from the aforementioned databases, we attained a Dice index of 0.971, 0.950, and 0.960, respectively, and for the segmentation of iris, we attained a Dice index of 0.905, 0.898, and 0.900, respectively. An exploratory data analysis was then done to visualize the distribution of the performance parameters throughout the databases. The segmentation performance of the proposed algorithm is on par with that of the reported state-of-the-art algorithms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:47:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bdde1997f7340f28a0f98e3d7236f34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-9900 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:47:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bdde1997f7340f28a0f98e3d7236f342022-12-22T04:23:19ZengElsevierComputer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update2666-99002022-01-012100084A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis imagesGrissel Priyanka Mathias0J.H. Gagan1B. Vaibhav Mallya2J.R. Harish Kumar3Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; Corresponding authors.We propose a unified approach for the automatic and accurate segmentation of the pupil and iris from on-axis grayscale eye images. The segmentation of pupil and iris is achieved with Basis-spline-based active contour and circular active contour, respectively. The circular active contour shape template has three free parameters, i.e., a pair of center coordinates and the radius. Basis-spline has M knots in the shape template and five free parameters i.e., a pair of center coordinates, scaling in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the rotation angle. The segmentation of the region of interest is done by minimization of the local energy function. Optimization of the local energy function of circular and Basis-spline-based active contour is carried out using gradient descent technique and Green’s theorem. To achieve the segmentation of iris boundary, the circular active contour method is combined with our novel occlusion removal algorithm. This helps in removing eyelid and eyelash occlusions for accurate iris segmentation. Automatic localization of the pupil is achieved by the sum of absolute difference method. The proposed algorithm is validated on three publicly available databases: IIT Delhi Iris, CASIA Iris Interval V3, and CASIA Iris Interval V4 databases consisting of 7518 grayscale iris images in total. For the segmentation of pupil from the aforementioned databases, we attained a Dice index of 0.971, 0.950, and 0.960, respectively, and for the segmentation of iris, we attained a Dice index of 0.905, 0.898, and 0.900, respectively. An exploratory data analysis was then done to visualize the distribution of the performance parameters throughout the databases. The segmentation performance of the proposed algorithm is on par with that of the reported state-of-the-art algorithms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666990022000350Active contourBasis-splineIrisPupilSegmentation |
| spellingShingle | Grissel Priyanka Mathias J.H. Gagan B. Vaibhav Mallya J.R. Harish Kumar A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update Active contour Basis-spline Iris Pupil Segmentation |
| title | A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images |
| title_full | A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images |
| title_fullStr | A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images |
| title_full_unstemmed | A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images |
| title_short | A unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on-axis images |
| title_sort | unified approach for automated segmentation of pupil and iris in on axis images |
| topic | Active contour Basis-spline Iris Pupil Segmentation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666990022000350 |
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