Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of clinical AD. Animal studies have shown that probiotics can improve cognitive function and mitigate i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.730036/full |
| _version_ | 1798022523734982656 |
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| author | Shuai Xiang Jin-Long Ji Sha Li Xi-Peng Cao Wei Xu Lan Tan Chen-Chen Tan |
| author_facet | Shuai Xiang Jin-Long Ji Sha Li Xi-Peng Cao Wei Xu Lan Tan Chen-Chen Tan |
| author_sort | Shuai Xiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of clinical AD. Animal studies have shown that probiotics can improve cognitive function and mitigate inflammatory response, however, results from randomized controlled trials in humans are still unclear.ObjectivesA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy on cognitive function, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal function in patients with AD, MCI, and PD.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library until October 2020 for the eligible randomized controlled trials, as well as the unpublished and ongoing trials. Our primary endpoints were cognitive function, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, gastrointestinal function, and adverse events.ResultsAfter screening 2,459 titles and abstracts about AD or MCI, we selected 6 eligible studies (n = 499 patients). After screening 1,923 titles and abstracts about PD, we selected 5 eligible studies (n = 342 patients). Compared with the control group, treatment with probiotics improved the cognitive function of patients with AD in the intervention group (P = 0.023). Cognitive function also improved in MCI patients (P = 0.000). Inflammation-related indicators: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced (P = 0.000); and hs-CRP decreased (P = 0.003). Lipid-related indicators: VLDL decreased (P = 0.026); triglyceride decreased (P = 0.009); and insulin resistance level improved: decreased Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.019).ConclusionOur analyses suggest that probiotics can improve cognitive and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with AD, MCI, and PD, which is possibly through reducing inflammatory response and improving lipid metabolism. The safety has also been proven. However, more RCTs with rigorous study design are needed to support our findings.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42021231502. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:31:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bf314a635bb4d71b040d8db818b99c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:31:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bf314a635bb4d71b040d8db818b99c82022-12-22T04:11:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652022-02-011410.3389/fnagi.2022.730036730036Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisShuai Xiang0Jin-Long Ji1Sha Li2Xi-Peng Cao3Wei Xu4Lan Tan5Chen-Chen Tan6Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaClinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of clinical AD. Animal studies have shown that probiotics can improve cognitive function and mitigate inflammatory response, however, results from randomized controlled trials in humans are still unclear.ObjectivesA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy on cognitive function, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal function in patients with AD, MCI, and PD.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library until October 2020 for the eligible randomized controlled trials, as well as the unpublished and ongoing trials. Our primary endpoints were cognitive function, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, gastrointestinal function, and adverse events.ResultsAfter screening 2,459 titles and abstracts about AD or MCI, we selected 6 eligible studies (n = 499 patients). After screening 1,923 titles and abstracts about PD, we selected 5 eligible studies (n = 342 patients). Compared with the control group, treatment with probiotics improved the cognitive function of patients with AD in the intervention group (P = 0.023). Cognitive function also improved in MCI patients (P = 0.000). Inflammation-related indicators: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced (P = 0.000); and hs-CRP decreased (P = 0.003). Lipid-related indicators: VLDL decreased (P = 0.026); triglyceride decreased (P = 0.009); and insulin resistance level improved: decreased Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.019).ConclusionOur analyses suggest that probiotics can improve cognitive and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with AD, MCI, and PD, which is possibly through reducing inflammatory response and improving lipid metabolism. The safety has also been proven. However, more RCTs with rigorous study design are needed to support our findings.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, Identifier: CRD42021231502.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.730036/fullprobioticsAlzheimer's diseasemild cognitive impairmentParkinson's diseasecognitiveinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Xiang Jin-Long Ji Sha Li Xi-Peng Cao Wei Xu Lan Tan Chen-Chen Tan Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience probiotics Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease cognitive inflammation |
| title | Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | efficacy and safety of probiotics for the treatment of alzheimer s disease mild cognitive impairment and parkinson s disease a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | probiotics Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease cognitive inflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.730036/full |
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