A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia
Grapevine leafroll disease affects the health status of grapevines worldwide. Most studies in Australia have focused on grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 and 3, while little attention has been given to other leafroll virus types, in particular, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2)....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1105 |
| _version_ | 1827739900679553024 |
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| author | Nuredin Habili Qi Wu Amy Rinaldo Fiona Constable |
| author_facet | Nuredin Habili Qi Wu Amy Rinaldo Fiona Constable |
| author_sort | Nuredin Habili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grapevine leafroll disease affects the health status of grapevines worldwide. Most studies in Australia have focused on grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 and 3, while little attention has been given to other leafroll virus types, in particular, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2). A chronological record of the temporal occurrence of GLRaV-2 in Australia since 2001 is reported. From a total of 11,257 samples, 313 tested positive, with an overall incidence of 2.7%. This virus has been detected in 18 grapevine varieties and <i>Vitis</i> rootstocks in different regions of Australia. Most varieties were symptomless on their own roots, while Chardonnay showed a decline in virus-sensitive rootstocks. An isolate of GLRaV-2, on own-rooted <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Grenache, clone SA137, was associated with severe leafroll symptoms after veraison with abnormal leaf necrosis. The metagenomic sequencing results of the virus in two plants of this variety confirmed the presence of GLRaV-2, as well as two inert viruses, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) and grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV). No other leafroll-associated viruses were detected. Among the viroids, hop stunt viroid and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected. Of the six phylogenetic groups identified in GLRaV-2, we report the presence of four groups in Australia. Three of these groups were detected in two plants of cv. Grenache, without finding any recombination event. The hypersensitive reaction of certain American hybrid rootstocks to GLRaV-2 is discussed. Due to the association of GLRaV-2 with graft incompatibility and vine decline, the risk from this virus in regions where hybrid <i>Vitis</i> rootstocks are used cannot be overlooked. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9bfa07dddbfb4af293d3da9976e0f082 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-9bfa07dddbfb4af293d3da9976e0f0822023-11-18T03:39:04ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-04-01155110510.3390/v15051105A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in AustraliaNuredin Habili0Qi Wu1Amy Rinaldo2Fiona Constable3The Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove, crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, AustraliaThe Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove, crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, AustraliaGRDC, 187 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, SA 5065, AustraliaAgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria’ Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaGrapevine leafroll disease affects the health status of grapevines worldwide. Most studies in Australia have focused on grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 and 3, while little attention has been given to other leafroll virus types, in particular, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2). A chronological record of the temporal occurrence of GLRaV-2 in Australia since 2001 is reported. From a total of 11,257 samples, 313 tested positive, with an overall incidence of 2.7%. This virus has been detected in 18 grapevine varieties and <i>Vitis</i> rootstocks in different regions of Australia. Most varieties were symptomless on their own roots, while Chardonnay showed a decline in virus-sensitive rootstocks. An isolate of GLRaV-2, on own-rooted <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Grenache, clone SA137, was associated with severe leafroll symptoms after veraison with abnormal leaf necrosis. The metagenomic sequencing results of the virus in two plants of this variety confirmed the presence of GLRaV-2, as well as two inert viruses, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) and grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV). No other leafroll-associated viruses were detected. Among the viroids, hop stunt viroid and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected. Of the six phylogenetic groups identified in GLRaV-2, we report the presence of four groups in Australia. Three of these groups were detected in two plants of cv. Grenache, without finding any recombination event. The hypersensitive reaction of certain American hybrid rootstocks to GLRaV-2 is discussed. Due to the association of GLRaV-2 with graft incompatibility and vine decline, the risk from this virus in regions where hybrid <i>Vitis</i> rootstocks are used cannot be overlooked.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1105grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2<i>Closterovirus</i>graft incompatibilityhypersensitive reactionRNA silencing suppressor |
| spellingShingle | Nuredin Habili Qi Wu Amy Rinaldo Fiona Constable A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia Viruses grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 <i>Closterovirus</i> graft incompatibility hypersensitive reaction RNA silencing suppressor |
| title | A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia |
| title_full | A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia |
| title_fullStr | A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia |
| title_short | A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia |
| title_sort | chronological study on grapevine leafroll associated virus 2 in australia |
| topic | grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 <i>Closterovirus</i> graft incompatibility hypersensitive reaction RNA silencing suppressor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1105 |
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