Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo
A smart and decentralized electrical system, powered by grid-connected renewable energy (RE) with a reliable storage system, has the potential to change the future socio-economic dynamics. Climate change may, however, affect the potential of RE and its related technologies. This study investigated t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9532 |
| _version_ | 1797459548828598272 |
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| author | Kokou Amega Yendoubé Laré Ramchandra Bhandari Yacouba Moumouni Aklesso Y. G. Egbendewe Windmanagda Sawadogo Saidou Madougou |
| author_facet | Kokou Amega Yendoubé Laré Ramchandra Bhandari Yacouba Moumouni Aklesso Y. G. Egbendewe Windmanagda Sawadogo Saidou Madougou |
| author_sort | Kokou Amega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A smart and decentralized electrical system, powered by grid-connected renewable energy (RE) with a reliable storage system, has the potential to change the future socio-economic dynamics. Climate change may, however, affect the potential of RE and its related technologies. This study investigated the impact of climate change on photovoltaic cells’ temperature response and energy potential under two CO<sub>2</sub> emission scenarios, RCP2.6 and 8.5, for the near future (2024–2040) and mid-century (2041–2065) in Togo. An integrated Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) from the CORDEX-CORE initiative datasets has been used as input. The latter platform recorded various weather variables, such as solar irradiance, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity. Results showed that PV cells’ temperature would likely rise over all five regions in the country and may trigger a decline in the PV potential under RCP2.6 and 8.5. However, the magnitude of the induced change, caused by the changing climate, depended on two major factors: (1) the PV technology and (2) geographical position. Results also revealed that these dissimilarities were more pronounced under RCP8.5 with the amorphous technology. It was further found that, nationally, the average cell temperature would have risen by 1 °C and 1.82 °C under RCP2.6 and 8.5, in that order, during the 2024–2065 period for a-Si technology. Finally, the PV potential would likely decrease, on average, by 0.23% for RCP2.6 and 0.4% for RCP8.5 for a-Si technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:52:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c0579c4a28444edb5a82d1d44331413 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:52:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c0579c4a28444edb5a82d1d443314132023-11-24T14:38:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-12-011524953210.3390/en15249532Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in TogoKokou Amega0Yendoubé Laré1Ramchandra Bhandari2Yacouba Moumouni3Aklesso Y. G. Egbendewe4Windmanagda Sawadogo5Saidou Madougou6West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (Wascal), University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey P.O. Box 10662, NigerLaboratoire d’énergie Solaire, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé P.O. Box 1515, TogoInstitute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), Technische Hochschule Köln, Betzdorfer Strasse 2, 50679 Cologne, GermanyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Higher Colleges of Technology, Ras Al Khaimah Women’s Campus, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 4792, United Arab EmiratesFaculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé P.O. Box 1515, TogoChair for Regional Climate and Hydrology, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, GermanyLaboratory of Energetics, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Automation and Industrial Computing (LAERT-LA2EI), University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey, Niamey P.O. Box 10963, NigerA smart and decentralized electrical system, powered by grid-connected renewable energy (RE) with a reliable storage system, has the potential to change the future socio-economic dynamics. Climate change may, however, affect the potential of RE and its related technologies. This study investigated the impact of climate change on photovoltaic cells’ temperature response and energy potential under two CO<sub>2</sub> emission scenarios, RCP2.6 and 8.5, for the near future (2024–2040) and mid-century (2041–2065) in Togo. An integrated Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) from the CORDEX-CORE initiative datasets has been used as input. The latter platform recorded various weather variables, such as solar irradiance, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity. Results showed that PV cells’ temperature would likely rise over all five regions in the country and may trigger a decline in the PV potential under RCP2.6 and 8.5. However, the magnitude of the induced change, caused by the changing climate, depended on two major factors: (1) the PV technology and (2) geographical position. Results also revealed that these dissimilarities were more pronounced under RCP8.5 with the amorphous technology. It was further found that, nationally, the average cell temperature would have risen by 1 °C and 1.82 °C under RCP2.6 and 8.5, in that order, during the 2024–2065 period for a-Si technology. Finally, the PV potential would likely decrease, on average, by 0.23% for RCP2.6 and 0.4% for RCP8.5 for a-Si technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9532climate change impactPV potentialcell temperatureTogo |
| spellingShingle | Kokou Amega Yendoubé Laré Ramchandra Bhandari Yacouba Moumouni Aklesso Y. G. Egbendewe Windmanagda Sawadogo Saidou Madougou Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo Energies climate change impact PV potential cell temperature Togo |
| title | Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo |
| title_full | Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo |
| title_fullStr | Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo |
| title_short | Solar Energy Powered Decentralized Smart-Grid for Sustainable Energy Supply in Low-Income Countries: Analysis Considering Climate Change Influences in Togo |
| title_sort | solar energy powered decentralized smart grid for sustainable energy supply in low income countries analysis considering climate change influences in togo |
| topic | climate change impact PV potential cell temperature Togo |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9532 |
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