Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells
Abstract A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3, MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an indu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w |
| _version_ | 1798019155563118592 |
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| author | Robert Heidrich Karl L. Heinze Sebastian Berwig Jie Ge Roland Scheer Paul Pistor |
| author_facet | Robert Heidrich Karl L. Heinze Sebastian Berwig Jie Ge Roland Scheer Paul Pistor |
| author_sort | Robert Heidrich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3, MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an industrially attractive processing technology. We present non-stationary processing schemes and concentrate on details of co-evaporation schemes where we intentionally delay the start/end points of one of the two evaporated components (MAI and PbI2). Previously, it was found for solar cells based on a regular n-i-p structure, that the pre-evaporation of PbI $$_2$$ 2 is highly beneficial for absorber growth and solar cell performance. Here, we apply similar non-stationary processing schemes with pre/post-deposition sequences for the growth of MAPI absorbers in an inverted p-i-n solar cell architecture. Solar cell parameters as well as details of the absorber growth are compared for a set of different evaporation schemes. Contrary to our preliminary assumptions, we find the pre-evaporation of PbI2 to be detrimental in the inverted configuration, indicating that the beneficial effect of the seed layers originates from interface properties related to improved charge carrier transport and extraction across this interface rather than being related to an improved absorber growth. This is further evidenced by a performance improvement of inverted solar cell devices with pre-evaporated MAI and post-deposited PbI2 layers. Finally, we provide two hypothetical electronic models that might cause the observed effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:36:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c0e51c0875443d2bb8d1c58f3b34279 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T16:36:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c0e51c0875443d2bb8d1c58f3b342792022-12-22T04:13:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111110.1038/s41598-022-23132-wImpact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cellsRobert Heidrich0Karl L. Heinze1Sebastian Berwig2Jie Ge3Roland Scheer4Paul Pistor5Martin-Luther-UniversityMartin-Luther-UniversityMartin-Luther-UniversityMartin-Luther-UniversityMartin-Luther-UniversityMartin-Luther-UniversityAbstract A variety of different synthesis methods for the fabrication of solar cell absorbers based on the lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3, MAPI) have been successfully developed in the past. In this work, we elaborate upon vacuum-based dual source co-evaporation as an industrially attractive processing technology. We present non-stationary processing schemes and concentrate on details of co-evaporation schemes where we intentionally delay the start/end points of one of the two evaporated components (MAI and PbI2). Previously, it was found for solar cells based on a regular n-i-p structure, that the pre-evaporation of PbI $$_2$$ 2 is highly beneficial for absorber growth and solar cell performance. Here, we apply similar non-stationary processing schemes with pre/post-deposition sequences for the growth of MAPI absorbers in an inverted p-i-n solar cell architecture. Solar cell parameters as well as details of the absorber growth are compared for a set of different evaporation schemes. Contrary to our preliminary assumptions, we find the pre-evaporation of PbI2 to be detrimental in the inverted configuration, indicating that the beneficial effect of the seed layers originates from interface properties related to improved charge carrier transport and extraction across this interface rather than being related to an improved absorber growth. This is further evidenced by a performance improvement of inverted solar cell devices with pre-evaporated MAI and post-deposited PbI2 layers. Finally, we provide two hypothetical electronic models that might cause the observed effects.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w |
| spellingShingle | Robert Heidrich Karl L. Heinze Sebastian Berwig Jie Ge Roland Scheer Paul Pistor Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells Scientific Reports |
| title | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| title_full | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| title_fullStr | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| title_short | Impact of dynamic co-evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| title_sort | impact of dynamic co evaporation schemes on the growth of methylammonium lead iodide absorbers for inverted solar cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23132-w |
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