Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites
<i>Amomum tsaoko</i> (AT) is a dietary botanical with laxative properties; however, the active ingredients and mechanisms are still unclear. The active fraction of AT aqueous extract (ATAE) for promoting defecation in slow transit constipation mice is the ethanol-soluble part (ATES). The...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7191 |
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| author | Yifan Hu Xiaoyu Gao Yan Zhao Shuangfeng Liu Kailian Luo Xiang Fu Jiayi Li Jun Sheng Yang Tian Yuanhong Fan |
| author_facet | Yifan Hu Xiaoyu Gao Yan Zhao Shuangfeng Liu Kailian Luo Xiang Fu Jiayi Li Jun Sheng Yang Tian Yuanhong Fan |
| author_sort | Yifan Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> (AT) is a dietary botanical with laxative properties; however, the active ingredients and mechanisms are still unclear. The active fraction of AT aqueous extract (ATAE) for promoting defecation in slow transit constipation mice is the ethanol-soluble part (ATES). The total flavonoids of ATES (ATTF) were the main active component. ATTF significantly increased the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> and reduced the dominant commensals, such as Lachnospiraceae, thereby changing the gut microbiota structure and composition. Meanwhile, ATTF changed the gut metabolites mainly enriched in pathways such as the serotonergic synapse. In addition, ATTF increased the serum serotonin (5-HT) content and mRNA expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (<i>5-HT<sub>2A</sub></i>), Phospholipase A2 (<i>PLA2</i>), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (<i>COX2</i>), which are involved in the serotonergic synaptic pathway. ATTF increased Transient receptor potential A1 (<i>TRPA1</i>), which promotes the release of 5-HT, and Myosin light chain 3(<i>MLC3</i>), which promotes smooth muscle motility. Notably, we established a network between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and host parameters. The dominant gut microbiota <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i>, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and laxative phenotypes showed the most significant associations. The above results suggest that ATTF may relieve constipation by regulating the gut microbiota and serotonergic synaptic pathway and has great potential for laxative drug development in the future. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c17e787234641a8ba4f5187bcd8339b2023-11-17T19:36:39ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248719110.3390/ijms24087191Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related MetabolitesYifan Hu0Xiaoyu Gao1Yan Zhao2Shuangfeng Liu3Kailian Luo4Xiang Fu5Jiayi Li6Jun Sheng7Yang Tian8Yuanhong Fan9College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaDepartment of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China<i>Amomum tsaoko</i> (AT) is a dietary botanical with laxative properties; however, the active ingredients and mechanisms are still unclear. The active fraction of AT aqueous extract (ATAE) for promoting defecation in slow transit constipation mice is the ethanol-soluble part (ATES). The total flavonoids of ATES (ATTF) were the main active component. ATTF significantly increased the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> and reduced the dominant commensals, such as Lachnospiraceae, thereby changing the gut microbiota structure and composition. Meanwhile, ATTF changed the gut metabolites mainly enriched in pathways such as the serotonergic synapse. In addition, ATTF increased the serum serotonin (5-HT) content and mRNA expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (<i>5-HT<sub>2A</sub></i>), Phospholipase A2 (<i>PLA2</i>), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (<i>COX2</i>), which are involved in the serotonergic synaptic pathway. ATTF increased Transient receptor potential A1 (<i>TRPA1</i>), which promotes the release of 5-HT, and Myosin light chain 3(<i>MLC3</i>), which promotes smooth muscle motility. Notably, we established a network between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and host parameters. The dominant gut microbiota <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i>, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and laxative phenotypes showed the most significant associations. The above results suggest that ATTF may relieve constipation by regulating the gut microbiota and serotonergic synaptic pathway and has great potential for laxative drug development in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7191<i>Amomum tsaoko</i>constipationgut microbiotagut metabolitesgastrointestinal motility |
| spellingShingle | Yifan Hu Xiaoyu Gao Yan Zhao Shuangfeng Liu Kailian Luo Xiang Fu Jiayi Li Jun Sheng Yang Tian Yuanhong Fan Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> constipation gut microbiota gut metabolites gastrointestinal motility |
| title | Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites |
| title_full | Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites |
| title_fullStr | Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites |
| title_short | Flavonoids in <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites |
| title_sort | flavonoids in i amomum tsaoko i crevost et lemarie ameliorate loperamide induced constipation in mice by regulating gut microbiota and related metabolites |
| topic | <i>Amomum tsaoko</i> constipation gut microbiota gut metabolites gastrointestinal motility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7191 |
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