Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide. This historical narrative traces the evolution from basic descriptions of fatty liver in the nineteenth century to our contemporary understanding of NAFLD in the twentieth and twenty-first centuri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-06-01
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| Series: | JHEP Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555921000379 |
| _version_ | 1818837401690177536 |
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| author | Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde |
| author_facet | Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde |
| author_sort | Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide. This historical narrative traces the evolution from basic descriptions of fatty liver in the nineteenth century to our contemporary understanding of NAFLD in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A detailed historiographic review of fatty liver from 1800s onwards was performed alongside a brief review of contemporary associations. Archived published literature dating back to the 1800s describe clinicopathological features of fatty liver. In the nineteenth century, doyens of medicine associated fatty liver with alcohol, malnutrition or wasting conditions, and subsequently adiposity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyle. Microscopically, fatty liver was described when 5% or more hepatocytes were distended with fat. Recommendations to reverse fatty liver included reducing consumption of fat, sugar, starchy carbohydrates and alcohol, plus increasing physical exercise. Fatty liver was associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the late 1800s, and with diabetes in the early 1900s. The diagnostic labels NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were introduced in the late 1900s. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was recently proposed to update the nosology of fatty liver, recognising the similar metabolic pathogenesis evident in individuals with typical NAFLD and those with heterogenous “secondary” co-factors including alcohol and other aetiologies. Fatty liver has emerged from being considered a disorder of nutritional extremes or alcohol excess to contemporary recognition as a complex metabolic disorder that risks progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD and our growing understanding of its lifestyle and metabolic determinants justify the current exercise of re-examining the evolution of this common metabolic disorder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:21:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c1a0ad3dd314ac896cb0f129ea9e6a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-5559 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:21:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JHEP Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c1a0ad3dd314ac896cb0f129ea9e6a62022-12-21T20:37:45ZengElsevierJHEP Reports2589-55592021-06-0133100261Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey pointsOyekoya T. Ayonrinde0Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Corresponding author. Address: Dr Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch 6150, Australia.Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide. This historical narrative traces the evolution from basic descriptions of fatty liver in the nineteenth century to our contemporary understanding of NAFLD in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A detailed historiographic review of fatty liver from 1800s onwards was performed alongside a brief review of contemporary associations. Archived published literature dating back to the 1800s describe clinicopathological features of fatty liver. In the nineteenth century, doyens of medicine associated fatty liver with alcohol, malnutrition or wasting conditions, and subsequently adiposity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyle. Microscopically, fatty liver was described when 5% or more hepatocytes were distended with fat. Recommendations to reverse fatty liver included reducing consumption of fat, sugar, starchy carbohydrates and alcohol, plus increasing physical exercise. Fatty liver was associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the late 1800s, and with diabetes in the early 1900s. The diagnostic labels NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were introduced in the late 1900s. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was recently proposed to update the nosology of fatty liver, recognising the similar metabolic pathogenesis evident in individuals with typical NAFLD and those with heterogenous “secondary” co-factors including alcohol and other aetiologies. Fatty liver has emerged from being considered a disorder of nutritional extremes or alcohol excess to contemporary recognition as a complex metabolic disorder that risks progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD and our growing understanding of its lifestyle and metabolic determinants justify the current exercise of re-examining the evolution of this common metabolic disorder.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555921000379Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseasemetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseaseMAFLDnon-alcoholic steatohepatitisNASHalcohol |
| spellingShingle | Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points JHEP Reports Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease MAFLD non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH alcohol |
| title | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points |
| title_full | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points |
| title_fullStr | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points |
| title_full_unstemmed | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points |
| title_short | Historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary NAFLD – Reconciling the present with the pastKey points |
| title_sort | historical narrative from fatty liver in the nineteenth century to contemporary nafld reconciling the present with the pastkey points |
| topic | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease MAFLD non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NASH alcohol |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555921000379 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oyekoyatayonrinde historicalnarrativefromfattyliverinthenineteenthcenturytocontemporarynafldreconcilingthepresentwiththepastkeypoints |