Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups
The profile of executive function (EF) in adults with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. This study aims to ascertain if distinct EF patterns can be identified between each clinical condition by comparing the neuropsychological profile of adults with SCZ and ASD,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381526/full |
| _version_ | 1827278277642813440 |
|---|---|
| author | Sofia Morais Sofia Morais Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Salomé Caldeira Sofia Meneses Graça Areias Vanessa Girão Catarina Bettencourt Catarina Bettencourt Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira António Macedo António Macedo António Macedo Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco |
| author_facet | Sofia Morais Sofia Morais Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Salomé Caldeira Sofia Meneses Graça Areias Vanessa Girão Catarina Bettencourt Catarina Bettencourt Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira António Macedo António Macedo António Macedo Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco |
| author_sort | Sofia Morais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The profile of executive function (EF) in adults with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. This study aims to ascertain if distinct EF patterns can be identified between each clinical condition by comparing the neuropsychological profile of adults with SCZ and ASD, for whom the differential diagnosis is still highly challenging. Forty-five individuals (15 SCZ, 15 ASD, 15 controls) matched for age, sex, education level, and handedness underwent intelligence evaluation and neuropsychological testing for working memory, inhibition, planning and set-shifting, and verbal fluency subdomains. Principal component analysis (2D-PCA) using variables representing 4 domains was employed to identify patterns in neuropsychological profiles. The ASD group had lower scores on the Digits Forward subtest compared to the SCZ group (7.2 ± 2.1 vs. 9.3 ± 1.9, p = 0.003; Cohen’s d: 1.05). ASD also performed significantly worse on the Stroop Word Test compared to the control group (77.7± 17.9 vs. 98.0 ± 12.7, p = 0.009; Cohen’s d: 1.31). No significant differences were observed between ASD and SCZ on other EF measures. The larger contributors for the dimensions in 2D-PCA were the Digits Forward subtest and Stroop Word Test. Still, there was substantial overlap between the clinical groups. This study suggests a high degree of similarity of EF between SCZ and ASD. Through four EF measures, the discrimination of low and high-functioning EF groups spanning both diagnostic categories may help to identify the individuals who could better benefit from cognitive rehabilitation strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:51:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c26de8ee85c4eb38c0546c35964dfb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:51:21Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c26de8ee85c4eb38c0546c35964dfb12024-04-18T11:00:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402024-04-011510.3389/fpsyt.2024.13815261381526Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groupsSofia Morais0Sofia Morais1Otília C. d’Almeida2Otília C. d’Almeida3Otília C. d’Almeida4Salomé Caldeira5Sofia Meneses6Graça Areias7Vanessa Girão8Catarina Bettencourt9Catarina Bettencourt10Daniela Jardim Pereira11Daniela Jardim Pereira12Daniela Jardim Pereira13António Macedo14António Macedo15António Macedo16Miguel Castelo-Branco17Miguel Castelo-Branco18Miguel Castelo-Branco19Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInstitute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalPsychology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, PortugalPsychology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, PortugalPsychology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Psychological and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Psychological and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychological and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalNeurorradiology Functional Area, Imaging Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, PortugalPsychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInstitute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalFaculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInstitute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalThe profile of executive function (EF) in adults with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. This study aims to ascertain if distinct EF patterns can be identified between each clinical condition by comparing the neuropsychological profile of adults with SCZ and ASD, for whom the differential diagnosis is still highly challenging. Forty-five individuals (15 SCZ, 15 ASD, 15 controls) matched for age, sex, education level, and handedness underwent intelligence evaluation and neuropsychological testing for working memory, inhibition, planning and set-shifting, and verbal fluency subdomains. Principal component analysis (2D-PCA) using variables representing 4 domains was employed to identify patterns in neuropsychological profiles. The ASD group had lower scores on the Digits Forward subtest compared to the SCZ group (7.2 ± 2.1 vs. 9.3 ± 1.9, p = 0.003; Cohen’s d: 1.05). ASD also performed significantly worse on the Stroop Word Test compared to the control group (77.7± 17.9 vs. 98.0 ± 12.7, p = 0.009; Cohen’s d: 1.31). No significant differences were observed between ASD and SCZ on other EF measures. The larger contributors for the dimensions in 2D-PCA were the Digits Forward subtest and Stroop Word Test. Still, there was substantial overlap between the clinical groups. This study suggests a high degree of similarity of EF between SCZ and ASD. Through four EF measures, the discrimination of low and high-functioning EF groups spanning both diagnostic categories may help to identify the individuals who could better benefit from cognitive rehabilitation strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381526/fullexecutive functionschizophreniaautism spectrum disorderneuropsychologystroop |
| spellingShingle | Sofia Morais Sofia Morais Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Otília C. d’Almeida Salomé Caldeira Sofia Meneses Graça Areias Vanessa Girão Catarina Bettencourt Catarina Bettencourt Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira Daniela Jardim Pereira António Macedo António Macedo António Macedo Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco Miguel Castelo-Branco Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups Frontiers in Psychiatry executive function schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder neuropsychology stroop |
| title | Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| title_full | Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| title_fullStr | Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| title_short | Executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| title_sort | executive function in schizophrenia and autism in adults shares common components separating high and low performance groups |
| topic | executive function schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder neuropsychology stroop |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381526/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sofiamorais executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT sofiamorais executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT otiliacdalmeida executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT otiliacdalmeida executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT otiliacdalmeida executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT salomecaldeira executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT sofiameneses executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT gracaareias executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT vanessagirao executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT catarinabettencourt executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT catarinabettencourt executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT danielajardimpereira executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT danielajardimpereira executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT danielajardimpereira executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT antoniomacedo executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT antoniomacedo executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT antoniomacedo executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT miguelcastelobranco executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT miguelcastelobranco executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups AT miguelcastelobranco executivefunctioninschizophreniaandautisminadultssharescommoncomponentsseparatinghighandlowperformancegroups |