Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children
ObjectiveTo compare the emotional and behavioral characteristics of firstborn children during the pregnancy of a second child and only children of school-age in urban districts of Chongqing, China, and to explore the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems.MethodsWe recruited mother...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.822761/full |
| _version_ | 1818199775913181184 |
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| author | Lulu Sheng Bo Yang Mary Story Wenyi Wu Xuan Xi Yuanke Zhou Yi Wen Hong Wang Qin Liu |
| author_facet | Lulu Sheng Bo Yang Mary Story Wenyi Wu Xuan Xi Yuanke Zhou Yi Wen Hong Wang Qin Liu |
| author_sort | Lulu Sheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo compare the emotional and behavioral characteristics of firstborn children during the pregnancy of a second child and only children of school-age in urban districts of Chongqing, China, and to explore the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems.MethodsWe recruited mothers of firstborn children and only children from two hospitals and one primary school using purposive sampling. Questionnaires and the Parental Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to collect basic information, family socioeconomic status, family atmosphere and emotional and behavioral characteristics of their children in the survey.ResultsThe sample consisted of 1,155 children, including 477 firstborn children and 678 only children. The average scores of internalizing (4.47), externalizing (6.05), total problems (22.04), and six emotional and behavioral of firstborn children were significantly lower than those of only children (p < 0.05). When adjusted for children's demographic, socioeconomic and family relationship covariates, the scores of firstborn children internalizing problems (β = −1.423, p = 0.000), externalizing problems (β = −0.661, p = 0.048), and total problems (β = −4.387, p = 0.000) were also significantly lower than those of only children. All children with more difficult parenting and development temperament, greater family economic pressure, poorer relationships between mother and child, less harmonious family atmosphere and father's permissive parenting style had more internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems (p < 0.05). Boys had more externalizing problems (β = 1.939, 95% CI = 1.380–2.497) and total problems (β = 4.908, 95% CI = 3.045–6.772) than girls.ConclusionFirstborn children had fewer emotional and behavioral problems than their counterparts who were only children. This research helps to understand the social impact of the implementation of the two-child policy in multiple dimensions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:27:08Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9c2b4c80a7a14df191045600b5317ff2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:27:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c2b4c80a7a14df191045600b5317ff22022-12-22T00:41:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-03-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.822761822761Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only ChildrenLulu Sheng0Bo Yang1Mary Story2Wenyi Wu3Xuan Xi4Yuanke Zhou5Yi Wen6Hong Wang7Qin Liu8School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Family Medicine and Community Health and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United StatesSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing, ChinaObjectiveTo compare the emotional and behavioral characteristics of firstborn children during the pregnancy of a second child and only children of school-age in urban districts of Chongqing, China, and to explore the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems.MethodsWe recruited mothers of firstborn children and only children from two hospitals and one primary school using purposive sampling. Questionnaires and the Parental Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to collect basic information, family socioeconomic status, family atmosphere and emotional and behavioral characteristics of their children in the survey.ResultsThe sample consisted of 1,155 children, including 477 firstborn children and 678 only children. The average scores of internalizing (4.47), externalizing (6.05), total problems (22.04), and six emotional and behavioral of firstborn children were significantly lower than those of only children (p < 0.05). When adjusted for children's demographic, socioeconomic and family relationship covariates, the scores of firstborn children internalizing problems (β = −1.423, p = 0.000), externalizing problems (β = −0.661, p = 0.048), and total problems (β = −4.387, p = 0.000) were also significantly lower than those of only children. All children with more difficult parenting and development temperament, greater family economic pressure, poorer relationships between mother and child, less harmonious family atmosphere and father's permissive parenting style had more internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems (p < 0.05). Boys had more externalizing problems (β = 1.939, 95% CI = 1.380–2.497) and total problems (β = 4.908, 95% CI = 3.045–6.772) than girls.ConclusionFirstborn children had fewer emotional and behavioral problems than their counterparts who were only children. This research helps to understand the social impact of the implementation of the two-child policy in multiple dimensions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.822761/fullfirstborn childrenonly childrenemotionalbehavioralrelated factors |
| spellingShingle | Lulu Sheng Bo Yang Mary Story Wenyi Wu Xuan Xi Yuanke Zhou Yi Wen Hong Wang Qin Liu Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children Frontiers in Public Health firstborn children only children emotional behavioral related factors |
| title | Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children |
| title_full | Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children |
| title_fullStr | Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children |
| title_short | Emotional and Behavioral Changes and Related Factors of Firstborn School-Aged Compared to Same Age Only Children |
| title_sort | emotional and behavioral changes and related factors of firstborn school aged compared to same age only children |
| topic | firstborn children only children emotional behavioral related factors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.822761/full |
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