Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China
The denitrification process is one of the important processes in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, and is closely related to the loss of soil N fertilizer. Five treatments were included in this study: N0 (control, no N application); N90 (N application rate 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); N150 (N appl...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2212 |
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| author | Yingjie Li Meng Wang Qian Li Lei Zhang Yubo Qin Bo Sun Hang Liu |
| author_facet | Yingjie Li Meng Wang Qian Li Lei Zhang Yubo Qin Bo Sun Hang Liu |
| author_sort | Yingjie Li |
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| description | The denitrification process is one of the important processes in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, and is closely related to the loss of soil N fertilizer. Five treatments were included in this study: N0 (control, no N application); N90 (N application rate 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); N150 (N application rate 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); N210 (N application rate 210 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); and N270 (N application rate 270 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), to study the effect of different N application rates on the soil <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacterial community structure, the influence of key enzyme activities during the denitrification process, and the main environmental factors affecting the variation of the denitrifying bacterial community in maize field soil under the mulched fertigation system in the semi-arid region of Northeast China. The results showed that increasing N fertilizer application significantly increased the contents of soil inorganic N and acid-hydrolyzable organic N, but significantly decreased pH. N fertilizer significantly increased nitrate reductase (NAR) activity and nitrite reductase (NIR) activity. Excessive application of N fertilizer significantly increased the <i>nirS</i> gene copy numbers, and, at the same time, significantly decreased the diversity of <i>nirS</i>-type soil denitrifying bacteria. Proteobacteria was the dominant denitrifying phylum in all treatments, and N application promoted the growth of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> belonging to this phylum. The application of N fertilizer significantly changed the community structure of <i>nirS</i> denitrifying bacteria, and the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N content was the most important factor for this observation. Soil organic matter (SOM) and non-hydrolyzable N (NHN) indirectly affected the denitrifying bacterial community structure through NAR activity and NIR activity, while soil total N (TN) and nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) indirectly affected yield through denitrifying bacterial community structure. Although increasing N fertilizer was beneficial in increasing soil nutrients, the community structure of <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacteria changed significantly. This is attributed to the increase in soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation caused by a large amount of N application. The results of this research provide an important scientific basis for further research on the response mechanism of farmland soil denitrifying microorganisms to different N fertilizer managements under the mulched fertigation system in the semi-arid region of Northeast China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:08:44Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9c2bcf4c76c74d169db1e42aa589e5d32023-11-19T09:09:08ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-08-01139221210.3390/agronomy13092212Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast ChinaYingjie Li0Meng Wang1Qian Li2Lei Zhang3Yubo Qin4Bo Sun5Hang Liu6Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaKey Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaThe denitrification process is one of the important processes in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, and is closely related to the loss of soil N fertilizer. Five treatments were included in this study: N0 (control, no N application); N90 (N application rate 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); N150 (N application rate 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); N210 (N application rate 210 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); and N270 (N application rate 270 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), to study the effect of different N application rates on the soil <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacterial community structure, the influence of key enzyme activities during the denitrification process, and the main environmental factors affecting the variation of the denitrifying bacterial community in maize field soil under the mulched fertigation system in the semi-arid region of Northeast China. The results showed that increasing N fertilizer application significantly increased the contents of soil inorganic N and acid-hydrolyzable organic N, but significantly decreased pH. N fertilizer significantly increased nitrate reductase (NAR) activity and nitrite reductase (NIR) activity. Excessive application of N fertilizer significantly increased the <i>nirS</i> gene copy numbers, and, at the same time, significantly decreased the diversity of <i>nirS</i>-type soil denitrifying bacteria. Proteobacteria was the dominant denitrifying phylum in all treatments, and N application promoted the growth of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> belonging to this phylum. The application of N fertilizer significantly changed the community structure of <i>nirS</i> denitrifying bacteria, and the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N content was the most important factor for this observation. Soil organic matter (SOM) and non-hydrolyzable N (NHN) indirectly affected the denitrifying bacterial community structure through NAR activity and NIR activity, while soil total N (TN) and nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) indirectly affected yield through denitrifying bacterial community structure. Although increasing N fertilizer was beneficial in increasing soil nutrients, the community structure of <i>nirS</i>-type denitrifying bacteria changed significantly. This is attributed to the increase in soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation caused by a large amount of N application. The results of this research provide an important scientific basis for further research on the response mechanism of farmland soil denitrifying microorganisms to different N fertilizer managements under the mulched fertigation system in the semi-arid region of Northeast China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2212nitrogendenitrifying bacteriaacid-hydrolyzable organic Nreductase activityIllumina MiSeq sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Yingjie Li Meng Wang Qian Li Lei Zhang Yubo Qin Bo Sun Hang Liu Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China Agronomy nitrogen denitrifying bacteria acid-hydrolyzable organic N reductase activity Illumina MiSeq sequencing |
| title | Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China |
| title_full | Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China |
| title_fullStr | Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China |
| title_short | Changes of Soil Nitrogen Fractions and <i>nirS</i>-Type Denitrifier Microbial Community in Response to N Fertilizer in the Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China |
| title_sort | changes of soil nitrogen fractions and i nirs i type denitrifier microbial community in response to n fertilizer in the semi arid area of northeast china |
| topic | nitrogen denitrifying bacteria acid-hydrolyzable organic N reductase activity Illumina MiSeq sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2212 |
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