Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock
During harvesting, grain, straw, and chaff with weed seeds are separated. The chaff is returned to the fields, resulting in weed problems in the subsequent crops. We estimated the fraction of weed seeds a combine harvester could potentially harvest and used various methods to collect the chaff and t...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1688 |
| _version_ | 1798041478518276096 |
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| author | Christoph Glasner Christopher Vieregge Josef Robert Johanna Fenselau Zahra Bitarafan Christian Andreasen |
| author_facet | Christoph Glasner Christopher Vieregge Josef Robert Johanna Fenselau Zahra Bitarafan Christian Andreasen |
| author_sort | Christoph Glasner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During harvesting, grain, straw, and chaff with weed seeds are separated. The chaff is returned to the fields, resulting in weed problems in the subsequent crops. We estimated the fraction of weed seeds a combine harvester could potentially harvest and used various methods to collect the chaff and treat it with heat to kill weed seeds or reduce weed seed germination. Chaff with weed seeds was placed on top of the straw and afterwards baled with the straw as a method to remove weed seeds from the field. We exposed chaff with weed seeds to exhaust gas with various temperatures and durations to study whether this heating method could be used to reduce the input of viable weed seeds to the soil during harvesting. By collecting the shed weed seeds during the growing season, we estimated that a combine harvester could potentially harvest 41%, 11%, and 100% of the seeds produced in the growing season by <i>Bromus hordeaceus</i>, <i>Cirsium arvense,</i> and <i>Galium aparine</i>, respectively. When the chaff was placed on top of the straw, 45% of the weed seeds stayed in the chaff fraction on top of the straw swath after one day, 35% got into the straw swath, and 20% past through the swath to the ground. Therefore, baling straw with chaff placed on the top only had a limited effect on reducing weed seed infestation. The study showed that thermal weed seed control during harvesting could potentially be applicable and incorporated in an integrated weed management approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c2c81a7a0104f889000f2b407253091 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:22:05Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c2c81a7a0104f889000f2b4072530912022-12-22T04:00:05ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732019-05-01129168810.3390/en12091688en12091688Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New FeedstockChristoph Glasner0Christopher Vieregge1Josef Robert2Johanna Fenselau3Zahra Bitarafan4Christian Andreasen5Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyCLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH, Muehlenwinkel 1, 33428 Harsewinkel, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, GermanyDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, DenmarkDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, DenmarkDuring harvesting, grain, straw, and chaff with weed seeds are separated. The chaff is returned to the fields, resulting in weed problems in the subsequent crops. We estimated the fraction of weed seeds a combine harvester could potentially harvest and used various methods to collect the chaff and treat it with heat to kill weed seeds or reduce weed seed germination. Chaff with weed seeds was placed on top of the straw and afterwards baled with the straw as a method to remove weed seeds from the field. We exposed chaff with weed seeds to exhaust gas with various temperatures and durations to study whether this heating method could be used to reduce the input of viable weed seeds to the soil during harvesting. By collecting the shed weed seeds during the growing season, we estimated that a combine harvester could potentially harvest 41%, 11%, and 100% of the seeds produced in the growing season by <i>Bromus hordeaceus</i>, <i>Cirsium arvense,</i> and <i>Galium aparine</i>, respectively. When the chaff was placed on top of the straw, 45% of the weed seeds stayed in the chaff fraction on top of the straw swath after one day, 35% got into the straw swath, and 20% past through the swath to the ground. Therefore, baling straw with chaff placed on the top only had a limited effect on reducing weed seed infestation. The study showed that thermal weed seed control during harvesting could potentially be applicable and incorporated in an integrated weed management approach.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1688agricultural residueschaffcombine harvesterenvironmental impactfeedstockHarvest Weed Seed ControlHWSC |
| spellingShingle | Christoph Glasner Christopher Vieregge Josef Robert Johanna Fenselau Zahra Bitarafan Christian Andreasen Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock Energies agricultural residues chaff combine harvester environmental impact feedstock Harvest Weed Seed Control HWSC |
| title | Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock |
| title_full | Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock |
| title_short | Evaluation of New Harvesting Methods to Reduce Weeds on Arable Fields and Collect a New Feedstock |
| title_sort | evaluation of new harvesting methods to reduce weeds on arable fields and collect a new feedstock |
| topic | agricultural residues chaff combine harvester environmental impact feedstock Harvest Weed Seed Control HWSC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1688 |
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