An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems
The paper concerns research on electronics-embedded safety systems. The authors focus on the optimization of the energy consumed by multitasking real-time systems. A new flexible and reconfigurable multi-core architecture based on pipeline processing is proposed. The presented solution uses thread-i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1630 |
| _version_ | 1797489002564026368 |
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| author | Ernest Antolak Andrzej Pułka |
| author_facet | Ernest Antolak Andrzej Pułka |
| author_sort | Ernest Antolak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper concerns research on electronics-embedded safety systems. The authors focus on the optimization of the energy consumed by multitasking real-time systems. A new flexible and reconfigurable multi-core architecture based on pipeline processing is proposed. The presented solution uses thread-interleaving mechanisms that allow avoiding hazards and minimizing unpredictability. The proposed architecture is compared with the classical solutions consisting of many processors and based on the scheme using one processor per single task. Energy-efficient task mapping is analyzed and a design methodology, based on minimizing the number of active and utilized resources, is proposed. New techniques for energy optimization are proposed, mainly, clock gating and switching-resources blocking. The authors investigate two main factors of the system: setting the processing frequency, and gating techniques; the latter are used under the assumption that the system meets the requirements of time predictability. The energy consumed by the system is reduced. Theoretical considerations are verified by many experiments of the system’s implementation in an FPGA structure. The set of tasks tested consists of programs that implement Mälardalen WCET benchmark algorithms. The tested scenarios are divided into periodic and non-periodic execution schemes. The obtained results show that it is possible to reduce the dynamic energy consumed by real-time applications’ meeting their other requirements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:10:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c2faf510026456a8a8730fc3139d748 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:10:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c2faf510026456a8a8730fc3139d7482023-11-23T16:00:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-02-01123163010.3390/app12031630An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time SystemsErnest Antolak0Andrzej Pułka1Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Microelectronics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics, and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandDepartment of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Microelectronics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics, and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandThe paper concerns research on electronics-embedded safety systems. The authors focus on the optimization of the energy consumed by multitasking real-time systems. A new flexible and reconfigurable multi-core architecture based on pipeline processing is proposed. The presented solution uses thread-interleaving mechanisms that allow avoiding hazards and minimizing unpredictability. The proposed architecture is compared with the classical solutions consisting of many processors and based on the scheme using one processor per single task. Energy-efficient task mapping is analyzed and a design methodology, based on minimizing the number of active and utilized resources, is proposed. New techniques for energy optimization are proposed, mainly, clock gating and switching-resources blocking. The authors investigate two main factors of the system: setting the processing frequency, and gating techniques; the latter are used under the assumption that the system meets the requirements of time predictability. The energy consumed by the system is reduced. Theoretical considerations are verified by many experiments of the system’s implementation in an FPGA structure. The set of tasks tested consists of programs that implement Mälardalen WCET benchmark algorithms. The tested scenarios are divided into periodic and non-periodic execution schemes. The obtained results show that it is possible to reduce the dynamic energy consumed by real-time applications’ meeting their other requirements.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1630real timemultitaskenergy-efficienttime-predictablesafety systemshardware design |
| spellingShingle | Ernest Antolak Andrzej Pułka An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems Applied Sciences real time multitask energy-efficient time-predictable safety systems hardware design |
| title | An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems |
| title_full | An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems |
| title_fullStr | An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems |
| title_short | An Analysis of the Impact of Gating Techniques on the Optimization of the Energy Dissipated in Real-Time Systems |
| title_sort | analysis of the impact of gating techniques on the optimization of the energy dissipated in real time systems |
| topic | real time multitask energy-efficient time-predictable safety systems hardware design |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1630 |
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