Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces
Biocatalytic membrane reactors combine the highly efficient biotransformation capability of enzymes with the selective filtration performance of membrane filters. Common strategies to immobilize enzymes on polymeric membranes are based on chemical coupling reactions. Still, they are associated with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/6/599 |
| _version_ | 1797484491710660608 |
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| author | Martin Schmidt Andrea Prager Nadja Schönherr Roger Gläser Agnes Schulze |
| author_facet | Martin Schmidt Andrea Prager Nadja Schönherr Roger Gläser Agnes Schulze |
| author_sort | Martin Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biocatalytic membrane reactors combine the highly efficient biotransformation capability of enzymes with the selective filtration performance of membrane filters. Common strategies to immobilize enzymes on polymeric membranes are based on chemical coupling reactions. Still, they are associated with drawbacks such as long reaction times, high costs, and the use of potentially toxic or hazardous reagents. In this study, a reagent-free immobilization method based on electron beam irradiation was investigated, which allows much faster, cleaner, and cheaper fabrication of enzyme membrane reactors. Two industrial lipase enzymes were coupled onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane to create self-cleaning surfaces. The response surface methodology (RSM) in the design-of-experiments approach was applied to investigate the effects of three numerical factors on enzyme activity, yielding a maximum activity of 823 ± 118 U m<sup>−2</sup> (enzyme concentration: 8.4 g L<sup>−1</sup>, impregnation time: 5 min, irradiation dose: 80 kGy). The lipolytic membranes were used in fouling tests with olive oil (1 g L<sup>−1</sup> in 2 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate), resulting in 100% regeneration of filtration performance after 3 h of self-cleaning in an aqueous buffer (pH 8, 37 °C). Reusability with three consecutive cycles demonstrates regeneration of 95%. Comprehensive membrane characterization was performed by determining enzyme kinetic parameters, permeance monitoring, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential, as well as water contact angle measurements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:05:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c4ea5beb13b49d591e9a3af55856feb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:05:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c4ea5beb13b49d591e9a3af55856feb2023-11-23T17:54:33ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-06-0112659910.3390/membranes12060599Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning SurfacesMartin Schmidt0Andrea Prager1Nadja Schönherr2Roger Gläser3Agnes Schulze4Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, GermanyBiocatalytic membrane reactors combine the highly efficient biotransformation capability of enzymes with the selective filtration performance of membrane filters. Common strategies to immobilize enzymes on polymeric membranes are based on chemical coupling reactions. Still, they are associated with drawbacks such as long reaction times, high costs, and the use of potentially toxic or hazardous reagents. In this study, a reagent-free immobilization method based on electron beam irradiation was investigated, which allows much faster, cleaner, and cheaper fabrication of enzyme membrane reactors. Two industrial lipase enzymes were coupled onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane to create self-cleaning surfaces. The response surface methodology (RSM) in the design-of-experiments approach was applied to investigate the effects of three numerical factors on enzyme activity, yielding a maximum activity of 823 ± 118 U m<sup>−2</sup> (enzyme concentration: 8.4 g L<sup>−1</sup>, impregnation time: 5 min, irradiation dose: 80 kGy). The lipolytic membranes were used in fouling tests with olive oil (1 g L<sup>−1</sup> in 2 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate), resulting in 100% regeneration of filtration performance after 3 h of self-cleaning in an aqueous buffer (pH 8, 37 °C). Reusability with three consecutive cycles demonstrates regeneration of 95%. Comprehensive membrane characterization was performed by determining enzyme kinetic parameters, permeance monitoring, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential, as well as water contact angle measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/6/599enzyme membrane reactorlipasefoulingself-cleaning surfaceelectron beamresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Martin Schmidt Andrea Prager Nadja Schönherr Roger Gläser Agnes Schulze Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces Membranes enzyme membrane reactor lipase fouling self-cleaning surface electron beam response surface methodology |
| title | Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces |
| title_full | Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces |
| title_fullStr | Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces |
| title_short | Reagent-Free Immobilization of Industrial Lipases to Develop Lipolytic Membranes with Self-Cleaning Surfaces |
| title_sort | reagent free immobilization of industrial lipases to develop lipolytic membranes with self cleaning surfaces |
| topic | enzyme membrane reactor lipase fouling self-cleaning surface electron beam response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/6/599 |
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