Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation

Abstract Background The epidemic of obesity has reached alarming levels in both developing and developed nations. Excessive calorie intake and sedentary lifestyle due to technological advancements are the main causal factors for overweight and obesity among the human population. Obesity has been ass...

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Main Authors: Taranjeet Kaur, Gurcharan Kaur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2017-10-01
Series:Journal of Neuroinflammation
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6
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author Taranjeet Kaur
Gurcharan Kaur
author_facet Taranjeet Kaur
Gurcharan Kaur
author_sort Taranjeet Kaur
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The epidemic of obesity has reached alarming levels in both developing and developed nations. Excessive calorie intake and sedentary lifestyle due to technological advancements are the main causal factors for overweight and obesity among the human population. Obesity has been associated with a number of co-morbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration and dementia. The progression of neurological disorders in obese subjects has been mainly attributed to neuroinflammation. Withania somnifera has been used in numerous Ayurvedic formulations owing to its wide array of health-promoting properties. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis whether dry leaf powder of W. somnifera has anxiolytic and anti-neuroinflammatory potential in diet-induced obesity. Methods Young adult female rats were divided into four groups: low fat diet group (LFD) fed with regular chow feed, high fat diet group (HFD) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight, low fat diet plus extract group (LFDE) fed with regular chow feed supplemented with dry leaf powder of W. somnifera 1 mg/g of body weight (ASH), and high fat diet plus extract group (HFDE) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight and supplemented with ASH. All the animals were kept on respective feeding regimen for 12 weeks; following which, the animals were tested for their anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze test. The animals were sacrificed and used to study various inflammatory markers such as GFAP, Iba1, PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and various markers of NF-κB pathway by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Serum levels of leptin, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also assayed. Results ASH treated rats showed less anxiety levels as compared to HFD animals. At molecular level, ASH ameliorated the HFD-induced reactive gliosis and microgliosis and suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers such as PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further, ASH ameliorated leptin and insulin resistance and prevented HFD-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Dry leaf powder of W. somnifera may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with obesity and may prevent its co-morbidities.
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spelling doaj.art-9c5240a5c21147b6b37855be35b98e732022-12-22T01:09:54ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942017-10-0114111810.1186/s12974-017-0975-6Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammationTaranjeet Kaur0Gurcharan Kaur1Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityDepartment of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAbstract Background The epidemic of obesity has reached alarming levels in both developing and developed nations. Excessive calorie intake and sedentary lifestyle due to technological advancements are the main causal factors for overweight and obesity among the human population. Obesity has been associated with a number of co-morbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration and dementia. The progression of neurological disorders in obese subjects has been mainly attributed to neuroinflammation. Withania somnifera has been used in numerous Ayurvedic formulations owing to its wide array of health-promoting properties. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis whether dry leaf powder of W. somnifera has anxiolytic and anti-neuroinflammatory potential in diet-induced obesity. Methods Young adult female rats were divided into four groups: low fat diet group (LFD) fed with regular chow feed, high fat diet group (HFD) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight, low fat diet plus extract group (LFDE) fed with regular chow feed supplemented with dry leaf powder of W. somnifera 1 mg/g of body weight (ASH), and high fat diet plus extract group (HFDE) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight and supplemented with ASH. All the animals were kept on respective feeding regimen for 12 weeks; following which, the animals were tested for their anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze test. The animals were sacrificed and used to study various inflammatory markers such as GFAP, Iba1, PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and various markers of NF-κB pathway by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Serum levels of leptin, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also assayed. Results ASH treated rats showed less anxiety levels as compared to HFD animals. At molecular level, ASH ameliorated the HFD-induced reactive gliosis and microgliosis and suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers such as PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further, ASH ameliorated leptin and insulin resistance and prevented HFD-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Dry leaf powder of W. somnifera may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with obesity and may prevent its co-morbidities.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6Withania somniferaNeuroinflammationAnxietyObesityHigh fat dietInflammatory cytokines
spellingShingle Taranjeet Kaur
Gurcharan Kaur
Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Withania somnifera
Neuroinflammation
Anxiety
Obesity
High fat diet
Inflammatory cytokines
title Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
title_full Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
title_fullStr Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
title_full_unstemmed Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
title_short Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
title_sort withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet induced anxiety and neuroinflammation
topic Withania somnifera
Neuroinflammation
Anxiety
Obesity
High fat diet
Inflammatory cytokines
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6
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