Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning
We investigated the effects of prior stress on rats’ responses to 50-kHz (appetitive) and 22-kHz (aversive) ultrasonic playback. Rats were treated with 0, 1, 6 or 10 shocks (1 s, 1.0 mA each) and were exposed to playbacks the following day. Previous findings were confirmed: (i) rats moved faster dur...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/8/970 |
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| author | Krzysztof H. Olszyński Rafał Polowy Agnieszka D. Wardak Aneta W. Grymanowska Robert K. Filipkowski |
| author_facet | Krzysztof H. Olszyński Rafał Polowy Agnieszka D. Wardak Aneta W. Grymanowska Robert K. Filipkowski |
| author_sort | Krzysztof H. Olszyński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigated the effects of prior stress on rats’ responses to 50-kHz (appetitive) and 22-kHz (aversive) ultrasonic playback. Rats were treated with 0, 1, 6 or 10 shocks (1 s, 1.0 mA each) and were exposed to playbacks the following day. Previous findings were confirmed: (i) rats moved faster during 50-kHz playback and slowed down after 22-kHz playback; (ii) they all approached the speaker, which was more pronounced during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback; (iii) 50-kHz playback caused heart rate (HR) increase; 22-kHz playback caused HR decrease; (iv) the rats vocalized more often during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback. The previous shock affected the rats such that singly-shocked rats showed lower HR throughout the experiment and a smaller HR response to 50-kHz playback compared to controls and other shocked groups. Interestingly, all pre-shocked rats showed higher locomotor activity during 50-kHz playback and a more significant decrease in activity following 22-kHz playback; they vocalized more often, their ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were longer and at a higher frequency than those of the control animals. These last two observations could point to hypervigilance, a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in human patients. Increased vocalization may be a valuable measure of hypervigilance used for PTSD modeling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:58:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c63190a8b2a4092b89851fca039dfa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:58:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c63190a8b2a4092b89851fca039dfa72023-11-22T06:58:08ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-07-0111897010.3390/brainsci11080970Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear ConditioningKrzysztof H. Olszyński0Rafał Polowy1Agnieszka D. Wardak2Aneta W. Grymanowska3Robert K. Filipkowski4Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St, PL02-106 Warsaw, PolandBehavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St, PL02-106 Warsaw, PolandBehavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St, PL02-106 Warsaw, PolandBehavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St, PL02-106 Warsaw, PolandBehavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St, PL02-106 Warsaw, PolandWe investigated the effects of prior stress on rats’ responses to 50-kHz (appetitive) and 22-kHz (aversive) ultrasonic playback. Rats were treated with 0, 1, 6 or 10 shocks (1 s, 1.0 mA each) and were exposed to playbacks the following day. Previous findings were confirmed: (i) rats moved faster during 50-kHz playback and slowed down after 22-kHz playback; (ii) they all approached the speaker, which was more pronounced during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback; (iii) 50-kHz playback caused heart rate (HR) increase; 22-kHz playback caused HR decrease; (iv) the rats vocalized more often during and following 50-kHz playback than 22-kHz playback. The previous shock affected the rats such that singly-shocked rats showed lower HR throughout the experiment and a smaller HR response to 50-kHz playback compared to controls and other shocked groups. Interestingly, all pre-shocked rats showed higher locomotor activity during 50-kHz playback and a more significant decrease in activity following 22-kHz playback; they vocalized more often, their ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were longer and at a higher frequency than those of the control animals. These last two observations could point to hypervigilance, a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in human patients. Increased vocalization may be a valuable measure of hypervigilance used for PTSD modeling.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/8/970hypervigilancehyperreactivityexaggerated reactivitygeneralizationPTSDanxiety |
| spellingShingle | Krzysztof H. Olszyński Rafał Polowy Agnieszka D. Wardak Aneta W. Grymanowska Robert K. Filipkowski Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning Brain Sciences hypervigilance hyperreactivity exaggerated reactivity generalization PTSD anxiety |
| title | Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning |
| title_full | Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning |
| title_fullStr | Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning |
| title_short | Increased Vocalization of Rats in Response to Ultrasonic Playback as a Sign of Hypervigilance Following Fear Conditioning |
| title_sort | increased vocalization of rats in response to ultrasonic playback as a sign of hypervigilance following fear conditioning |
| topic | hypervigilance hyperreactivity exaggerated reactivity generalization PTSD anxiety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/8/970 |
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