Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China
<i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp. are microsporidian pathogens with zoonotic potential that pose significant public health concerns. To ascertain the occurrence and genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i>...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1864 |
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| author | Jinpeng Yang Yangyang Zeng Caiwu Li Songrui Liu Wanyu Meng Wenqing Zhang Ming He Liqin Wang Zhili Zuo Chanjuan Yue Desheng Li Guangneng Peng |
| author_facet | Jinpeng Yang Yangyang Zeng Caiwu Li Songrui Liu Wanyu Meng Wenqing Zhang Ming He Liqin Wang Zhili Zuo Chanjuan Yue Desheng Li Guangneng Peng |
| author_sort | Jinpeng Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp. are microsporidian pathogens with zoonotic potential that pose significant public health concerns. To ascertain the occurrence and genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp., we used nested PCR to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and DNA sequencing to analyze 198 fecal samples from red pandas from 6 zoos in China. The total rate of microsporidial infection was 15.7% (31/198), with 12.1% (24/198), 1.0% (2/198), 2.0% (4/198) and 1.0% (2/198) for infection rate of <i>E. bieneusi</i>, <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i>, <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i>, respectively. One red panda was detected positive for a mixed infection (<i>E. bieneusi</i> and <i>E. intestinalis</i>). Red pandas living in semi-free conditions are more likely to be infected with microsporidia (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.212, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Three known (SC02, D, and PL2) and one novel (SCR1) genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> were found. Three genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> (SC02, D, SCR1) were grouped into group 1 with public health importance, while genotype PL2 formed a separate clade associated with group 2. These findings suggest that red pandas may serve as a host reservoir for zoonotic microsporidia, potentially allowing transmission from red pandas to humans and other animals. |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:12:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9c636f4376e044a1b18d8d2b5a0a36602023-11-18T07:30:43ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-06-011311186410.3390/ani13111864Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in ChinaJinpeng Yang0Yangyang Zeng1Caiwu Li2Songrui Liu3Wanyu Meng4Wenqing Zhang5Ming He6Liqin Wang7Zhili Zuo8Chanjuan Yue9Desheng Li10Guangneng Peng11The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaChina Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, ChinaSichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaChina Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, ChinaChengdu Zoo, Chengdu 610051, ChinaChengdu Zoo, Chengdu 610051, ChinaSichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChina Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China<i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp. are microsporidian pathogens with zoonotic potential that pose significant public health concerns. To ascertain the occurrence and genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp., we used nested PCR to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and DNA sequencing to analyze 198 fecal samples from red pandas from 6 zoos in China. The total rate of microsporidial infection was 15.7% (31/198), with 12.1% (24/198), 1.0% (2/198), 2.0% (4/198) and 1.0% (2/198) for infection rate of <i>E. bieneusi</i>, <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i>, <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> and <i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i>, respectively. One red panda was detected positive for a mixed infection (<i>E. bieneusi</i> and <i>E. intestinalis</i>). Red pandas living in semi-free conditions are more likely to be infected with microsporidia (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.212, df = 1, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Three known (SC02, D, and PL2) and one novel (SCR1) genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> were found. Three genotypes of <i>E. bieneusi</i> (SC02, D, SCR1) were grouped into group 1 with public health importance, while genotype PL2 formed a separate clade associated with group 2. These findings suggest that red pandas may serve as a host reservoir for zoonotic microsporidia, potentially allowing transmission from red pandas to humans and other animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1864<i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i><i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i><i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i><i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i>red panda |
| spellingShingle | Jinpeng Yang Yangyang Zeng Caiwu Li Songrui Liu Wanyu Meng Wenqing Zhang Ming He Liqin Wang Zhili Zuo Chanjuan Yue Desheng Li Guangneng Peng Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China Animals <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> <i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i> red panda |
| title | Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China |
| title_full | Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China |
| title_short | Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) in China |
| title_sort | occurrence and molecular characteristics of microsporidia in captive red pandas i ailurus fulgens i in china |
| topic | <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> <i>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</i> <i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</i> <i>Encephalitozoon hellem</i> red panda |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1864 |
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