Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Environmental factors play an important role in developing mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of metal and nonmetal elements in drinking water with the risk of depression and anxiety and to assess whether diets modulate these associations. Methods...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03269-3 |
| _version_ | 1827327202662809600 |
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| author | Shuduo Zhou Mintao Su Peng Shen Zongming Yang Pengfei Chai Shengzhi Sun Hongbo Lin Liming Shui Na Zhang Ming Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Jianbing Wang Zhenyu Zhang Kun Chen |
| author_facet | Shuduo Zhou Mintao Su Peng Shen Zongming Yang Pengfei Chai Shengzhi Sun Hongbo Lin Liming Shui Na Zhang Ming Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Jianbing Wang Zhenyu Zhang Kun Chen |
| author_sort | Shuduo Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Environmental factors play an important role in developing mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of metal and nonmetal elements in drinking water with the risk of depression and anxiety and to assess whether diets modulate these associations. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including 24,285 participants free from depression and anxiety from the Yinzhou Cohort study in the 2016–2021 period. The exposures were measured by multiplying metal and nonmetal element concentrations in local pipeline terminal tap water samples and total daily drinking water intakes. Cox regression models adjusted for multi-level covariates were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results During an average follow-up period of 4.72 and 4.68 years, 773 and 1334 cases of depression and anxiety were identified, respectively. A 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in manganese exposure reduced the incidence of depression by 8% (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.97). In contrast, with a 1 SD increase in copper and cadmium exposure, the incidence of depression increased by 6% (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.11) and 8% (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.17), respectively. The incidence of anxiety increased by 39% (HR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20 to 1.62), 33% (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.71), and 14% (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.25) respectively for a 1 SD increase in manganese, iron, and selenium exposure. Diets have a moderating effect on the associations of metal and nonmetal elements with the risk of anxiety. Stronger associations were observed in older, low-income groups and low-education groups. Conclusions We found significant associations between exposure to metal and nonmetal elements and depression and anxiety. Diets regulated the associations to some extent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:57:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c73e6c1048d4f61a16122523a089f58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7015 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:57:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c73e6c1048d4f61a16122523a089f582024-03-05T19:21:35ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-02-0122111210.1186/s12916-024-03269-3Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort studyShuduo Zhou0Mintao Su1Peng Shen2Zongming Yang3Pengfei Chai4Shengzhi Sun5Hongbo Lin6Liming Shui7Na Zhang8Ming Xu9Zhi-Jie Zheng10Jianbing Wang11Zhenyu Zhang12Kun Chen13Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Public Health, and Department of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and PreventionSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical UniversityYinzhou District Center for Disease Control and PreventionYinzhou District Health Bureau of NingboDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public HealthDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public HealthAbstract Background Environmental factors play an important role in developing mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of metal and nonmetal elements in drinking water with the risk of depression and anxiety and to assess whether diets modulate these associations. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including 24,285 participants free from depression and anxiety from the Yinzhou Cohort study in the 2016–2021 period. The exposures were measured by multiplying metal and nonmetal element concentrations in local pipeline terminal tap water samples and total daily drinking water intakes. Cox regression models adjusted for multi-level covariates were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results During an average follow-up period of 4.72 and 4.68 years, 773 and 1334 cases of depression and anxiety were identified, respectively. A 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in manganese exposure reduced the incidence of depression by 8% (HR 0.92, 95%CI 0.88 to 0.97). In contrast, with a 1 SD increase in copper and cadmium exposure, the incidence of depression increased by 6% (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.11) and 8% (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.17), respectively. The incidence of anxiety increased by 39% (HR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20 to 1.62), 33% (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.71), and 14% (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.25) respectively for a 1 SD increase in manganese, iron, and selenium exposure. Diets have a moderating effect on the associations of metal and nonmetal elements with the risk of anxiety. Stronger associations were observed in older, low-income groups and low-education groups. Conclusions We found significant associations between exposure to metal and nonmetal elements and depression and anxiety. Diets regulated the associations to some extent.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03269-3DepressionAnxietyMetals elementNonmetals elementDrinking waterCohort study |
| spellingShingle | Shuduo Zhou Mintao Su Peng Shen Zongming Yang Pengfei Chai Shengzhi Sun Hongbo Lin Liming Shui Na Zhang Ming Xu Zhi-Jie Zheng Jianbing Wang Zhenyu Zhang Kun Chen Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study BMC Medicine Depression Anxiety Metals element Nonmetals element Drinking water Cohort study |
| title | Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet: a prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | association between drinking water quality and mental health and the modifying role of diet a prospective cohort study |
| topic | Depression Anxiety Metals element Nonmetals element Drinking water Cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03269-3 |
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