Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers
Galenic preparations of German chamomile are used to treat mild skin diseases, inflammation, and spasms, and they have also been reported to have anxiolytic and sedative effects. The medicinal use of chamomile is well known in ethnomedicine. After obtaining its galenic preparations, there is lots of...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/350 |
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| author | Janne Sepp Oleh Koshovyi Valdas Jakstas Vaidotas Žvikas Iryna Botsula Igor Kireyev Karina Tsemenko Oleksandr Kukhtenko Karin Kogermann Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_facet | Janne Sepp Oleh Koshovyi Valdas Jakstas Vaidotas Žvikas Iryna Botsula Igor Kireyev Karina Tsemenko Oleksandr Kukhtenko Karin Kogermann Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_sort | Janne Sepp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Galenic preparations of German chamomile are used to treat mild skin diseases, inflammation, and spasms, and they have also been reported to have anxiolytic and sedative effects. The medicinal use of chamomile is well known in ethnomedicine. After obtaining its galenic preparations, there is lots of waste left, so it is expedient to develop waste-free technologies. The aims of this study were to gain knowledge of the ethnomedical status of chamomile in the past and present, develop methods for preparing essential oils and dry extracts from German chamomile flowers using complex processing, reveal the phytochemical composition of such extracts, and verify the analgesic and soporific activity of the extracts. Two methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers were developed, which allowed us to obtain the essential oil and dry extracts of the tincture and aqueous extracts as byproducts. A total of 22 phenolic compounds (7 hydroxycinnamic acids, 13 flavonoids, and 2 phenolic acids) were found in the dry extracts by using UPLC-MS/MS. In total, nine main terpenoids were identified in the chamomile oil, which is of the bisabolol chemotype. During the production of chamomile tincture, a raw material–extractant ratio of 1:14–1:16 and triple extraction are recommended for its highest yield. In in vivo studies with mice and rats, the extracts showed analgesic activity and improvements in sleep. The highest sedative and analgesic effects in rodents were found with the dry extract prepared by using a 70% aqueous ethanol solution for extraction at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The developed methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers are advisable for implementation into the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the volume of waste during the production of its essential oil and tincture, and to obtain new products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:55Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c8051b0eeb045c8a6972b0b5245a5b92024-02-09T15:20:09ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-01-0113335010.3390/plants13030350Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) FlowersJanne Sepp0Oleh Koshovyi1Valdas Jakstas2Vaidotas Žvikas3Iryna Botsula4Igor Kireyev5Karina Tsemenko6Oleksandr Kukhtenko7Karin Kogermann8Jyrki Heinämäki9Ain Raal10Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaPharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, UkrainePharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, UkrainePharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, UkrainePharmaceutical Technology of Drugs Department, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, UkraineInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaGalenic preparations of German chamomile are used to treat mild skin diseases, inflammation, and spasms, and they have also been reported to have anxiolytic and sedative effects. The medicinal use of chamomile is well known in ethnomedicine. After obtaining its galenic preparations, there is lots of waste left, so it is expedient to develop waste-free technologies. The aims of this study were to gain knowledge of the ethnomedical status of chamomile in the past and present, develop methods for preparing essential oils and dry extracts from German chamomile flowers using complex processing, reveal the phytochemical composition of such extracts, and verify the analgesic and soporific activity of the extracts. Two methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers were developed, which allowed us to obtain the essential oil and dry extracts of the tincture and aqueous extracts as byproducts. A total of 22 phenolic compounds (7 hydroxycinnamic acids, 13 flavonoids, and 2 phenolic acids) were found in the dry extracts by using UPLC-MS/MS. In total, nine main terpenoids were identified in the chamomile oil, which is of the bisabolol chemotype. During the production of chamomile tincture, a raw material–extractant ratio of 1:14–1:16 and triple extraction are recommended for its highest yield. In in vivo studies with mice and rats, the extracts showed analgesic activity and improvements in sleep. The highest sedative and analgesic effects in rodents were found with the dry extract prepared by using a 70% aqueous ethanol solution for extraction at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The developed methods for the complex processing of German chamomile flowers are advisable for implementation into the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the volume of waste during the production of its essential oil and tincture, and to obtain new products.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/350German chamomileflowergalenic extractextractioncomplex processinganalgesic activity |
| spellingShingle | Janne Sepp Oleh Koshovyi Valdas Jakstas Vaidotas Žvikas Iryna Botsula Igor Kireyev Karina Tsemenko Oleksandr Kukhtenko Karin Kogermann Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers Plants German chamomile flower galenic extract extraction complex processing analgesic activity |
| title | Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers |
| title_full | Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers |
| title_short | Phytochemical, Technological, and Pharmacological Study on the Galenic Dry Extracts Prepared from German Chamomile (<i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L.) Flowers |
| title_sort | phytochemical technological and pharmacological study on the galenic dry extracts prepared from german chamomile i matricaria chamomilla i l flowers |
| topic | German chamomile flower galenic extract extraction complex processing analgesic activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/350 |
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