Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite
Excess phosphorus abundance often drives eutrophication and affects surface water quality. Formation of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2 • 8H2O) in aquatic sediments acts as a significant sink for phosphate (P), crucial for resorting surface waters. Authigenic vivianite formation, however, can be limited by oth...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Chemical Engineering Journal Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821123001229 |
| _version_ | 1827582010510540800 |
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| author | Mingkai Ma Peter Overvest Arjan Hijlkema Stefan Mangold Catherine McCammon Andreas Voegelin Thilo Behrends |
| author_facet | Mingkai Ma Peter Overvest Arjan Hijlkema Stefan Mangold Catherine McCammon Andreas Voegelin Thilo Behrends |
| author_sort | Mingkai Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excess phosphorus abundance often drives eutrophication and affects surface water quality. Formation of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2 • 8H2O) in aquatic sediments acts as a significant sink for phosphate (P), crucial for resorting surface waters. Authigenic vivianite formation, however, can be limited by other ferrous iron containing phases, in particular iron sulfides. Although thermodynamically feasible under suitable conditions, the formation of vivianite from mackinawite has been widely disregarded for authigenic phosphate mineral formation. Here we investigated the formation of vivianite from mackinawite (FeS) in batch experiments in which dissolved sulfide was continuously removed, at P levels between 0 – 5 mM in a pH of 6 to 8. Solid characterizations by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction as well as Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that vivianite was formed at all pH values in P amended experiments. The temporal evolution of dissolved Fe(II) concentrations indicates that the transformation proceeds via the release of the dissolved Fe(II) by FeS dissolution and subsequent vivianite precipitation, over time scales of days. The kinetics of the transformation are controlled by the dissolution rates of FeS. Aging and transformation of FeS, however, compete with vivianite formation. Aging is more pronounced at higher pH but is inhibited by P adsorption. Hence, the effect of pH and P concentration on aging is the main reason for the influence on these parameters on the rates and extent of vivianite formation. Our findings demonstrate that FeS can be an effective iron source for vivianite formation in aquatic sediments when sulfide concentrations decrease due to, for example, changes in external forcing or microbial sulfide oxidation. Formation of vivianite from FeS as an Fe source can also open new perspectives in P recovery in water treatment, for example when Fe is added to digesters to bind H2S. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:44:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-8211 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemical Engineering Journal Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c8474fc6f514123a0ae4bf69a94e5e52023-12-17T06:42:20ZengElsevierChemical Engineering Journal Advances2666-82112023-11-0116100565Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawiteMingkai Ma0Peter Overvest1Arjan Hijlkema2Stefan Mangold3Catherine McCammon4Andreas Voegelin5Thilo Behrends6Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CB, the Netherlands; Corresponding author.Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CB, the NetherlandsDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CB, the NetherlandsInstitute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe 76344, GermanyBayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, GermanyEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf CH-8600, SwitzerlandDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CB, the NetherlandsExcess phosphorus abundance often drives eutrophication and affects surface water quality. Formation of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2 • 8H2O) in aquatic sediments acts as a significant sink for phosphate (P), crucial for resorting surface waters. Authigenic vivianite formation, however, can be limited by other ferrous iron containing phases, in particular iron sulfides. Although thermodynamically feasible under suitable conditions, the formation of vivianite from mackinawite has been widely disregarded for authigenic phosphate mineral formation. Here we investigated the formation of vivianite from mackinawite (FeS) in batch experiments in which dissolved sulfide was continuously removed, at P levels between 0 – 5 mM in a pH of 6 to 8. Solid characterizations by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction as well as Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that vivianite was formed at all pH values in P amended experiments. The temporal evolution of dissolved Fe(II) concentrations indicates that the transformation proceeds via the release of the dissolved Fe(II) by FeS dissolution and subsequent vivianite precipitation, over time scales of days. The kinetics of the transformation are controlled by the dissolution rates of FeS. Aging and transformation of FeS, however, compete with vivianite formation. Aging is more pronounced at higher pH but is inhibited by P adsorption. Hence, the effect of pH and P concentration on aging is the main reason for the influence on these parameters on the rates and extent of vivianite formation. Our findings demonstrate that FeS can be an effective iron source for vivianite formation in aquatic sediments when sulfide concentrations decrease due to, for example, changes in external forcing or microbial sulfide oxidation. Formation of vivianite from FeS as an Fe source can also open new perspectives in P recovery in water treatment, for example when Fe is added to digesters to bind H2S.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821123001229Early diagenesisAuthigenic vivianite formationMackinawiteMössbauer spectroscopyX-ray absorption spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Mingkai Ma Peter Overvest Arjan Hijlkema Stefan Mangold Catherine McCammon Andreas Voegelin Thilo Behrends Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite Chemical Engineering Journal Advances Early diagenesis Authigenic vivianite formation Mackinawite Mössbauer spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
| title | Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| title_full | Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| title_fullStr | Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| title_short | Phosphate burial in aquatic sediments: Rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| title_sort | phosphate burial in aquatic sediments rates and mechanisms of vivianite formation from mackinawite |
| topic | Early diagenesis Authigenic vivianite formation Mackinawite Mössbauer spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666821123001229 |
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