Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition
Glycine betaine (betaine) acts as a methyl group donor in transmethylation reactions in organisms. Betaine occurs in numerous vertebrate tissues as an osmolyte, ensuring osmoprotection. Betaine is safe for piglets at the maximum supplementation rate of 2 000 mg/kg complete feed with a margin of safe...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2013-05-01
|
| Series: | EFSA Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3209.pdf |
| _version_ | 1823967680360611840 |
|---|---|
| author | EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) |
| author_facet | EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) |
| author_sort | EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glycine betaine (betaine) acts as a methyl group donor in transmethylation reactions in organisms. Betaine occurs in numerous vertebrate tissues as an osmolyte, ensuring osmoprotection. Betaine is safe for piglets at the maximum supplementation rate of 2 000 mg/kg complete feed with a margin of safety below 5. This conclusion is extended to all pigs and extrapolated to all animal species and categories. The use of betaine as a feed additive up to a supplementation rate of 2 000 mg/kg complete feed is unlikely to pose concerns for consumer safety. Users’ inhalation exposure to betaine is expected to be minimal. Betaine anhydrous should be considered irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and a skin sensitiser. It is likely to cause skin sensitisation. The supplementation of feed with betaine anhydrous does not pose a risk to the environment. Betaine has the potential to become efficacious in all animal species and categories when administered via feed or water for drinking. The FEEDAP Panel made some recommendations on (i) introduction of a maximum content for supplemental betaine in complete feed and water for drinking; (ii) avoidance of simultaneous use of betaine in feed and water for drinking; and (iii) avoidance of simultaneous inclusion of betaine and choline chloride in premixtures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T18:30:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c8931ca2da7431aaa1dab2093cb68bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T18:30:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c8931ca2da7431aaa1dab2093cb68bd2022-12-21T21:37:18ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322013-05-0111510.2903/j.efsa.2013.3209Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal NutritionEFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)Glycine betaine (betaine) acts as a methyl group donor in transmethylation reactions in organisms. Betaine occurs in numerous vertebrate tissues as an osmolyte, ensuring osmoprotection. Betaine is safe for piglets at the maximum supplementation rate of 2 000 mg/kg complete feed with a margin of safety below 5. This conclusion is extended to all pigs and extrapolated to all animal species and categories. The use of betaine as a feed additive up to a supplementation rate of 2 000 mg/kg complete feed is unlikely to pose concerns for consumer safety. Users’ inhalation exposure to betaine is expected to be minimal. Betaine anhydrous should be considered irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and a skin sensitiser. It is likely to cause skin sensitisation. The supplementation of feed with betaine anhydrous does not pose a risk to the environment. Betaine has the potential to become efficacious in all animal species and categories when administered via feed or water for drinking. The FEEDAP Panel made some recommendations on (i) introduction of a maximum content for supplemental betaine in complete feed and water for drinking; (ii) avoidance of simultaneous use of betaine in feed and water for drinking; and (iii) avoidance of simultaneous inclusion of betaine and choline chloride in premixtures.http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3209.pdfNutritional additivevitamins and pro-vitaminsbetaine anhydroussafety |
| spellingShingle | EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition EFSA Journal Nutritional additive vitamins and pro-vitamins betaine anhydrous safety |
| title | Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition |
| title_full | Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition |
| title_fullStr | Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition |
| title_short | Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition |
| title_sort | scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by danisco animal nutrition |
| topic | Nutritional additive vitamins and pro-vitamins betaine anhydrous safety |
| url | http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/3209.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT efsapanelonadditivesandproductsorsubstancesusedinanimalfeedfeedap scientificopiniononthesafetyandefficacyofbetaineanhydrousasafeedadditiveforallanimalspeciesbasedonadossiersubmittedbydaniscoanimalnutrition |