Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks
Magneto-inductive (MI) waveguide technology is often proposed to increase the MI communication distance without adding significant cost and power consumption to the wireless sensor network. The idea is to add intermediate relaying nodes between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) to relay the informa...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2720 |
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| author | Gang Qiao Muhammad Muzzammil Niaz Ahmed Irfan Ullah |
| author_facet | Gang Qiao Muhammad Muzzammil Niaz Ahmed Irfan Ullah |
| author_sort | Gang Qiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magneto-inductive (MI) waveguide technology is often proposed to increase the MI communication distance without adding significant cost and power consumption to the wireless sensor network. The idea is to add intermediate relaying nodes between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) to relay the information from Tx to Rx. Our study of MI wave-guides has realized that adding a relay node improves the communication distance, however, the performance is greatly dependent on the position of the relaying node in the network. We therefore, in this work have investigated the effect of placement of a relay node and have determined the optimal relay position. We have performed various sets of experiments to thoroughly understand the behavior and identified three main regions: (a) for region 1, when the distance between Tx and Rx is equal or less than the diameter of the coils (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position is close to Tx, (b) for region 2, when the distance between Tx and Rx is greater than diameter of the coils but less than twice the diameter (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>r</mi> <mo><</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position lies in the center of Tx and Rx, and (c) for region 3, when the distance between the Tx and Rx is equal or greater than twice the diameter of the coils (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position is close to Rx. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9c89b2853dad4c5894f26f7f0f73623b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c89b2853dad4c5894f26f7f0f73623b2023-11-19T23:58:22ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-05-01209272010.3390/s20092720Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor NetworksGang Qiao0Muhammad Muzzammil1Niaz Ahmed2Irfan Ullah3Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaMagneto-inductive (MI) waveguide technology is often proposed to increase the MI communication distance without adding significant cost and power consumption to the wireless sensor network. The idea is to add intermediate relaying nodes between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) to relay the information from Tx to Rx. Our study of MI wave-guides has realized that adding a relay node improves the communication distance, however, the performance is greatly dependent on the position of the relaying node in the network. We therefore, in this work have investigated the effect of placement of a relay node and have determined the optimal relay position. We have performed various sets of experiments to thoroughly understand the behavior and identified three main regions: (a) for region 1, when the distance between Tx and Rx is equal or less than the diameter of the coils (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position is close to Tx, (b) for region 2, when the distance between Tx and Rx is greater than diameter of the coils but less than twice the diameter (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>r</mi> <mo><</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position lies in the center of Tx and Rx, and (c) for region 3, when the distance between the Tx and Rx is equal or greater than twice the diameter of the coils (<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>), the optimal relay position is close to Rx.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2720magneto-Induction (MI)resonancewaveguideoptimal relay positionmagneto-inductive wireless sensor networks (MIWSNs) |
| spellingShingle | Gang Qiao Muhammad Muzzammil Niaz Ahmed Irfan Ullah Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors magneto-Induction (MI) resonance waveguide optimal relay position magneto-inductive wireless sensor networks (MIWSNs) |
| title | Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | Experimental Investigation of Optimal Relay Position for Magneto-Inductive Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | experimental investigation of optimal relay position for magneto inductive wireless sensor networks |
| topic | magneto-Induction (MI) resonance waveguide optimal relay position magneto-inductive wireless sensor networks (MIWSNs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2720 |
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