Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs?
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is controlled in many countries by detection and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals. The most important risk factor for BVDV introduction is purchase. An introduced cow can be PI and transmit the virus to other cattle in the herd. If she is not PI but is pregna...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.686257/full |
| _version_ | 1818737923903717376 |
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| author | Linda Van Duijn Inge Santman-Berends Marit Biesheuvel Jet Mars Frederik Waldeck Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik |
| author_facet | Linda Van Duijn Inge Santman-Berends Marit Biesheuvel Jet Mars Frederik Waldeck Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik |
| author_sort | Linda Van Duijn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is controlled in many countries by detection and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals. The most important risk factor for BVDV introduction is purchase. An introduced cow can be PI and transmit the virus to other cattle in the herd. If she is not PI but is pregnant, there is still a risk because the subsequently born calf may be PI, when she encountered the virus in early pregnancy. To control this risk, all cows > 1 year from non-BVDV-free herds that are introduced in herds that participate in the Dutch BVDV control program are tested for virus and antibodies. Depending on the results, subsequent measures such as suspension of the BVDV-free status, removing the animals from the herd, or testing the off-spring of the cow for virus, are undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this risk mitigating measure. Data on cattle movements, calving's, herd-level BVDV status, and animal-level test data were available from all dairy herds that participated in the national BVDV control program (>14,000 dairy herds) for the year 2019. The data were combined and parameters of interest were calculated, i.e., (i) the number of purchased BVD virus positive cattle and (ii) the number of BVD virus positive calves born from purchased cows within 9 months after introduction. In 2019, 217,301 cattle were introduced in Dutch dairy herds that participated in the BVDV control program. Of these, 49,820 were tested for presence of BVD virus and 27 (0.05%) cows introduced in 21 different herds tested BVD virus positive. Out of 46,727 cattle that were tested for antibodies, 20.5% tested positive. The seropositive cows produced 4,341 viable calves, of which 3,062 were tested for virus and subsequently, 40 (1.3%) were found BVD virus positive. These 40 BVD virus positive calves were born in 23 herds. The risk mitigating measure led to detection of 67 BVD virus positive animals in 44 unique herds in 2019. This study makes plausible that the probability and impact of re-introduction of BVDV can be minimized by testing introduced cattle and their subsequently born calves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:00:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c922d7f526748ef9a9bbb9a799834fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:00:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c922d7f526748ef9a9bbb9a799834fb2022-12-21T21:26:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-08-01810.3389/fvets.2021.686257686257Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs?Linda Van Duijn0Inge Santman-Berends1Marit Biesheuvel2Jet Mars3Frederik Waldeck4Gerdien van Schaik5Gerdien van Schaik6Royal GD, Deventer, NetherlandsRoyal GD, Deventer, NetherlandsDepartment of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaRoyal GD, Deventer, NetherlandsRoyal GD, Deventer, NetherlandsRoyal GD, Deventer, NetherlandsDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is controlled in many countries by detection and culling of persistently infected (PI) animals. The most important risk factor for BVDV introduction is purchase. An introduced cow can be PI and transmit the virus to other cattle in the herd. If she is not PI but is pregnant, there is still a risk because the subsequently born calf may be PI, when she encountered the virus in early pregnancy. To control this risk, all cows > 1 year from non-BVDV-free herds that are introduced in herds that participate in the Dutch BVDV control program are tested for virus and antibodies. Depending on the results, subsequent measures such as suspension of the BVDV-free status, removing the animals from the herd, or testing the off-spring of the cow for virus, are undertaken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of this risk mitigating measure. Data on cattle movements, calving's, herd-level BVDV status, and animal-level test data were available from all dairy herds that participated in the national BVDV control program (>14,000 dairy herds) for the year 2019. The data were combined and parameters of interest were calculated, i.e., (i) the number of purchased BVD virus positive cattle and (ii) the number of BVD virus positive calves born from purchased cows within 9 months after introduction. In 2019, 217,301 cattle were introduced in Dutch dairy herds that participated in the BVDV control program. Of these, 49,820 were tested for presence of BVD virus and 27 (0.05%) cows introduced in 21 different herds tested BVD virus positive. Out of 46,727 cattle that were tested for antibodies, 20.5% tested positive. The seropositive cows produced 4,341 viable calves, of which 3,062 were tested for virus and subsequently, 40 (1.3%) were found BVD virus positive. These 40 BVD virus positive calves were born in 23 herds. The risk mitigating measure led to detection of 67 BVD virus positive animals in 44 unique herds in 2019. This study makes plausible that the probability and impact of re-introduction of BVDV can be minimized by testing introduced cattle and their subsequently born calves.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.686257/fullBVDeradicationPIbovine viral diarrheacontrol programTrojan cow |
| spellingShingle | Linda Van Duijn Inge Santman-Berends Marit Biesheuvel Jet Mars Frederik Waldeck Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? Frontiers in Veterinary Science BVD eradication PI bovine viral diarrhea control program Trojan cow |
| title | Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? |
| title_full | Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? |
| title_fullStr | Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? |
| title_short | Why Test Purchased Cattle in BVDV Control Programs? |
| title_sort | why test purchased cattle in bvdv control programs |
| topic | BVD eradication PI bovine viral diarrhea control program Trojan cow |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.686257/full |
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