HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
The heavy metal concentrations of a rural multipurpose stream in South-east Nigeria were evaluated between May 2021 and October 2021 in 3 stations. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was used to check the water’s suitability for human consumption, swimming and wadding. Eight heavy metals...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Editura Universităţii din Oradea
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Natural Resources and Sustainable Development |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://nrsdj.com/papers/2022-2/07.+Anyanwu+Emeka+Donald.pdf |
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| author | Anyanwu Emeka Donald* Adetunji Onyinyechi Gladys* Ezekiel Ndidiamaka Ifeoma* Alexander Rita Ngozi* |
| author_facet | Anyanwu Emeka Donald* Adetunji Onyinyechi Gladys* Ezekiel Ndidiamaka Ifeoma* Alexander Rita Ngozi* |
| author_sort | Anyanwu Emeka Donald* |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The heavy metal concentrations of a rural multipurpose stream in South-east Nigeria were
evaluated between May 2021 and October 2021 in 3 stations. The non-carcinogenic health risk
assessment was used to check the water’s suitability for human consumption, swimming and wadding.
Eight heavy metals were assessed using standard methods and the Nigerian Drinking Water Quality
Standard was used as standard. The concentrations were zinc (0.07 - 0.52 mg/l), copper (0.04 – 0.19
mg/l), manganese (0.04 - 0.31 mg/l), lead (0.01 - 0.09 mg/l), nickel (0.01 - 0.05 mg/l), chromium (0.02
- 0.11 mg/l), iron (0.10 and 0.91 mg/l) and cadmium (0.01 and 0.07 mg/l). Some metals (manganese,
lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium) exceeded acceptable limits. The hazard indices (HI) for
oral exposure was 3.34 – 3.96 (adult) and 4.29 – 5.69 (children) while for dermal exposure, it was 0.96
– 1.10 (Adult) and 0.93 – 1.17 (children). The HI values were higher than 1 except for HIdermal (adult
and children) in station 3. The heavy metal concentrations and health risk assessment has shown that
the water from this multipurpose rural stream was not fit for human consumption, swimming or
wadding. This conclusion was based on the high concentrations of manganese, lead, iron, cadmium,
nickel and chromium, which exceeded limits but cadmium was responsible for the adverse health risk
observed. The children were more susceptible. The health risk involved in consuming water from this
stream was high in all the stations and should be discouraged. On the other hand, there was a moderate
health risk for swimming and wadding in stations 1 and 2 and none in station 3 which was considered
negligible. Geogenic influence was a major factor but was influenced by season and anthropogenic
activities (especially agriculture) in the stream. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:26:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9c9b1448e0694816bb5f7b433dfab7c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2066-6276 2601-5676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:26:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Editura Universităţii din Oradea |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Natural Resources and Sustainable Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-9c9b1448e0694816bb5f7b433dfab7c22023-03-27T13:47:56ZengEditura Universităţii din OradeaNatural Resources and Sustainable Development2066-62762601-56762022-11-0112228530210.31924/nrsd.v12i2.106HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIAAnyanwu Emeka Donald*0Adetunji Onyinyechi Gladys*1Ezekiel Ndidiamaka Ifeoma*2Alexander Rita Ngozi*3*Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria*Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria*Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria*Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, College of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, NigeriaThe heavy metal concentrations of a rural multipurpose stream in South-east Nigeria were evaluated between May 2021 and October 2021 in 3 stations. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was used to check the water’s suitability for human consumption, swimming and wadding. Eight heavy metals were assessed using standard methods and the Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standard was used as standard. The concentrations were zinc (0.07 - 0.52 mg/l), copper (0.04 – 0.19 mg/l), manganese (0.04 - 0.31 mg/l), lead (0.01 - 0.09 mg/l), nickel (0.01 - 0.05 mg/l), chromium (0.02 - 0.11 mg/l), iron (0.10 and 0.91 mg/l) and cadmium (0.01 and 0.07 mg/l). Some metals (manganese, lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium) exceeded acceptable limits. The hazard indices (HI) for oral exposure was 3.34 – 3.96 (adult) and 4.29 – 5.69 (children) while for dermal exposure, it was 0.96 – 1.10 (Adult) and 0.93 – 1.17 (children). The HI values were higher than 1 except for HIdermal (adult and children) in station 3. The heavy metal concentrations and health risk assessment has shown that the water from this multipurpose rural stream was not fit for human consumption, swimming or wadding. This conclusion was based on the high concentrations of manganese, lead, iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium, which exceeded limits but cadmium was responsible for the adverse health risk observed. The children were more susceptible. The health risk involved in consuming water from this stream was high in all the stations and should be discouraged. On the other hand, there was a moderate health risk for swimming and wadding in stations 1 and 2 and none in station 3 which was considered negligible. Geogenic influence was a major factor but was influenced by season and anthropogenic activities (especially agriculture) in the stream.https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://nrsdj.com/papers/2022-2/07.+Anyanwu+Emeka+Donald.pdflimitsheavy metalwater qualitydrinking wateragricultureswimming |
| spellingShingle | Anyanwu Emeka Donald* Adetunji Onyinyechi Gladys* Ezekiel Ndidiamaka Ifeoma* Alexander Rita Ngozi* HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA Natural Resources and Sustainable Development limits heavy metal water quality drinking water agriculture swimming |
| title | HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA |
| title_full | HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA |
| title_fullStr | HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA |
| title_full_unstemmed | HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA |
| title_short | HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL MULTIPURPOSE STREAM, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA |
| title_sort | heavy metal concentrations and health risk assessment of a rural multipurpose stream southeast nigeria |
| topic | limits heavy metal water quality drinking water agriculture swimming |
| url | https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://nrsdj.com/papers/2022-2/07.+Anyanwu+Emeka+Donald.pdf |
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