Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis
Opioid use, particularly morphine, is linked to CNS-related disorders, comorbidities, and premature death. Morphine, a widely abused opioid, poses a significant global health threat and serves as a key metabolite in various opioids. Here, we present a turn-off fluorescent sensor capable of detecting...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1722 |
| _version_ | 1827305058790801408 |
|---|---|
| author | Ramin Boroujerdi Andrew Butt Richard Paul Santanu Majumder |
| author_facet | Ramin Boroujerdi Andrew Butt Richard Paul Santanu Majumder |
| author_sort | Ramin Boroujerdi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Opioid use, particularly morphine, is linked to CNS-related disorders, comorbidities, and premature death. Morphine, a widely abused opioid, poses a significant global health threat and serves as a key metabolite in various opioids. Here, we present a turn-off fluorescent sensor capable of detecting morphine with exceptional sensitivity and speed in various samples. The fluorescent sensor was developed through the dimerization process of 7-methoxy-1-tetralone and subsequent demethylation to produce the final product. Despite morphine possessing inherent fluorophoric properties and emitting light in an approximately similar wavelength as the sensor’s fluorescent blue light, the introduction of the target molecule (morphine) in the presence of the sensor caused a reduction in the sensor’s fluorescence intensity, which is attributable to the formation of the sensor–morphine complex. By utilizing this fluorescence quenching sensor, the chemo-selective detection of morphine becomes highly feasible, encompassing a linear range from 0.008 to 40 ppm with an impressive limit of detection of 8 ppb. Consequently, this molecular probe demonstrates a successful application in determining trace amounts of morphine within urine, yielding satisfactory analytical results. The study also explores the effect of several variables on the sensor’s response and optimizes the detection of morphine in urine using a response surface methodology with a central composite design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:50:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ca291f9a18d4e49940686d12fba88e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:50:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ca291f9a18d4e49940686d12fba88e22024-03-27T14:03:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-03-01246172210.3390/s24061722Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical AnalysisRamin Boroujerdi0Andrew Butt1Richard Paul2Santanu Majumder3Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UKFaculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UKFaculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UKFaculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UKOpioid use, particularly morphine, is linked to CNS-related disorders, comorbidities, and premature death. Morphine, a widely abused opioid, poses a significant global health threat and serves as a key metabolite in various opioids. Here, we present a turn-off fluorescent sensor capable of detecting morphine with exceptional sensitivity and speed in various samples. The fluorescent sensor was developed through the dimerization process of 7-methoxy-1-tetralone and subsequent demethylation to produce the final product. Despite morphine possessing inherent fluorophoric properties and emitting light in an approximately similar wavelength as the sensor’s fluorescent blue light, the introduction of the target molecule (morphine) in the presence of the sensor caused a reduction in the sensor’s fluorescence intensity, which is attributable to the formation of the sensor–morphine complex. By utilizing this fluorescence quenching sensor, the chemo-selective detection of morphine becomes highly feasible, encompassing a linear range from 0.008 to 40 ppm with an impressive limit of detection of 8 ppb. Consequently, this molecular probe demonstrates a successful application in determining trace amounts of morphine within urine, yielding satisfactory analytical results. The study also explores the effect of several variables on the sensor’s response and optimizes the detection of morphine in urine using a response surface methodology with a central composite design.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1722morphinetoxicologyturn-off sensorforensic biological fluidsCCD-RSM |
| spellingShingle | Ramin Boroujerdi Andrew Butt Richard Paul Santanu Majumder Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis Sensors morphine toxicology turn-off sensor forensic biological fluids CCD-RSM |
| title | Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis |
| title_full | Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis |
| title_short | Unveiling Morphine: A Rapid and Selective Fluorescence Sensor for Forensic and Medical Analysis |
| title_sort | unveiling morphine a rapid and selective fluorescence sensor for forensic and medical analysis |
| topic | morphine toxicology turn-off sensor forensic biological fluids CCD-RSM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1722 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raminboroujerdi unveilingmorphinearapidandselectivefluorescencesensorforforensicandmedicalanalysis AT andrewbutt unveilingmorphinearapidandselectivefluorescencesensorforforensicandmedicalanalysis AT richardpaul unveilingmorphinearapidandselectivefluorescencesensorforforensicandmedicalanalysis AT santanumajumder unveilingmorphinearapidandselectivefluorescencesensorforforensicandmedicalanalysis |