Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites
Flax and lignin were used to prepare hybrid polypropylene composites. The lignin contents were varied between 0 and 50 vol%, while the amounts of flax used were 0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%. The components were homogenized in a twin-screw compounder and then injection molded into tensile bars. Tensile and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004555 |
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| author | Emese Pregi Dávid Kun Gábor Faludi János Móczó Béla Pukánszky |
| author_facet | Emese Pregi Dávid Kun Gábor Faludi János Móczó Béla Pukánszky |
| author_sort | Emese Pregi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flax and lignin were used to prepare hybrid polypropylene composites. The lignin contents were varied between 0 and 50 vol%, while the amounts of flax used were 0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%. The components were homogenized in a twin-screw compounder and then injection molded into tensile bars. Tensile and impact tests were used to characterize the mechanical properties, and the structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The simultaneous effects of reinforcement on composite properties were analyzed quantitatively with models to establish synergies or a coupling effect of lignin. The agreement between measured results and predicted values proved to be excellent. The models were also successfully applied to data published in the literature. Lignin increased the strength from 10 to 20 MPa, and a smaller amount of added flax increased the strength up to 30 MPa. Modeling also established the stronger reinforcing effect of flax; the corresponding B parameters for lignin and flax were 3.7 and 5.9 for strength and 1.0 and 5.2 for impact resistance, respectively. The two reinforcements acted independently; their effects were additive, and synergism could not be detected. Only quantitative analysis and modeling offer reliable information about the effect of components in hybrid materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:28:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9ca5904649f5445b8dd555526e5f6762 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:28:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-9ca5904649f5445b8dd555526e5f67622022-12-22T03:00:31ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752022-08-01220110833Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid compositesEmese Pregi0Dávid Kun1Gábor Faludi2János Móczó3Béla Pukánszky4Corresponding author.; Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, HungaryLaboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, HungaryLaboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, HungaryLaboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, HungaryLaboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, HungaryFlax and lignin were used to prepare hybrid polypropylene composites. The lignin contents were varied between 0 and 50 vol%, while the amounts of flax used were 0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%. The components were homogenized in a twin-screw compounder and then injection molded into tensile bars. Tensile and impact tests were used to characterize the mechanical properties, and the structures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The simultaneous effects of reinforcement on composite properties were analyzed quantitatively with models to establish synergies or a coupling effect of lignin. The agreement between measured results and predicted values proved to be excellent. The models were also successfully applied to data published in the literature. Lignin increased the strength from 10 to 20 MPa, and a smaller amount of added flax increased the strength up to 30 MPa. Modeling also established the stronger reinforcing effect of flax; the corresponding B parameters for lignin and flax were 3.7 and 5.9 for strength and 1.0 and 5.2 for impact resistance, respectively. The two reinforcements acted independently; their effects were additive, and synergism could not be detected. Only quantitative analysis and modeling offer reliable information about the effect of components in hybrid materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004555LigninNatural fiberHybrid compositesMechanical propertiesModelingCoupling |
| spellingShingle | Emese Pregi Dávid Kun Gábor Faludi János Móczó Béla Pukánszky Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites Materials & Design Lignin Natural fiber Hybrid composites Mechanical properties Modeling Coupling |
| title | Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites |
| title_full | Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites |
| title_short | Modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene/lignin/flax hybrid composites |
| title_sort | modeling the mechanical properties of polypropylene lignin flax hybrid composites |
| topic | Lignin Natural fiber Hybrid composites Mechanical properties Modeling Coupling |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522004555 |
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