Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh
The date palm has been cultivated in dry and hot areas of the planet for much of human history. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates are the main crop used as a source of food. Among several species of date fruits, the Ajwa AL-Madinah date is unique, growing only in Al-Madinah geographical region....
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| author | Manel Dhahri Salim Sioud Shuruq Alsuhaymi Fatimah Almulhim Ali Haneef Abdelhamid Saoudi Mariusz Jaremko Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas |
| author_facet | Manel Dhahri Salim Sioud Shuruq Alsuhaymi Fatimah Almulhim Ali Haneef Abdelhamid Saoudi Mariusz Jaremko Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas |
| author_sort | Manel Dhahri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The date palm has been cultivated in dry and hot areas of the planet for much of human history. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates are the main crop used as a source of food. Among several species of date fruits, the Ajwa AL-Madinah date is unique, growing only in Al-Madinah geographical region. The Ajwa date is used in traditional medicine due to its abundant active components and therapeutic properties. This study investigates the structural properties and the antioxidant effects of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Ajwa flesh and seed. The polysaccharides were isolated by two techniques including hot water and ultrasonic extraction. After isolation and partial purification, the physicochemical properties of four samples of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were studied by several techniques including FTIR, solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Several radical scavenging experiments were combined to study the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide compounds. FTIR and NMR results showed a structure typical of heterogeneous polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry revealed that the polysaccharide samples were composed mainly of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, and fucose. In addition, the physicochemical properties and composition of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were compared. The extracted polysaccharides showed antioxidant activity, with 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Fe chelating ability, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. These results highlight their potential to be a useful nutritional element or supplemental medication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:10:04Z |
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| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:10:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cb399041eda45ecb888e87728e6a2042023-11-16T23:14:23ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-02-0110210310.3390/separations10020103Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and FleshManel Dhahri0Salim Sioud1Shuruq Alsuhaymi2Fatimah Almulhim3Ali Haneef4Abdelhamid Saoudi5Mariusz Jaremko6Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas7Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi ArabiaCore Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi ArabiaSmart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaCore Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi ArabiaThe date palm has been cultivated in dry and hot areas of the planet for much of human history. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates are the main crop used as a source of food. Among several species of date fruits, the Ajwa AL-Madinah date is unique, growing only in Al-Madinah geographical region. The Ajwa date is used in traditional medicine due to its abundant active components and therapeutic properties. This study investigates the structural properties and the antioxidant effects of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Ajwa flesh and seed. The polysaccharides were isolated by two techniques including hot water and ultrasonic extraction. After isolation and partial purification, the physicochemical properties of four samples of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were studied by several techniques including FTIR, solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Several radical scavenging experiments were combined to study the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide compounds. FTIR and NMR results showed a structure typical of heterogeneous polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry revealed that the polysaccharide samples were composed mainly of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, and fucose. In addition, the physicochemical properties and composition of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were compared. The extracted polysaccharides showed antioxidant activity, with 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Fe chelating ability, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. These results highlight their potential to be a useful nutritional element or supplemental medication.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/2/103date fruitpalmAjwadatepolysaccharidesantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Manel Dhahri Salim Sioud Shuruq Alsuhaymi Fatimah Almulhim Ali Haneef Abdelhamid Saoudi Mariusz Jaremko Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh Separations date fruit palm Ajwa date polysaccharides antioxidant activity |
| title | Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh |
| title_full | Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh |
| title_fullStr | Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh |
| title_short | Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Ajwa Seed and Flesh |
| title_sort | extraction characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from ajwa seed and flesh |
| topic | date fruit palm Ajwa date polysaccharides antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/2/103 |
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