Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend
The hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been studied to assess the effect of H<sub>2</sub> pressure on the yield and composition of the products and with the aim of obtaining commercial fuels, mainly naphtha. The experiments have been p...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| author | Francisco J. Vela Roberto Palos Javier Bilbao José M. Arandes Alazne Gutiérrez |
| author_facet | Francisco J. Vela Roberto Palos Javier Bilbao José M. Arandes Alazne Gutiérrez |
| author_sort | Francisco J. Vela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been studied to assess the effect of H<sub>2</sub> pressure on the yield and composition of the products and with the aim of obtaining commercial fuels, mainly naphtha. The experiments have been performed using a PtPd/HY catalyst in a semibatch reactor under the following conditions: H<sub>2</sub> pressure, 20–110 bar; 440 °C; catalyst to feed ratio, 0.1 g<sub>cat</sub> (g<sub>feed</sub>)<sup>−1</sup>; HDPE to total feed ratio, 0.2 g<sub>HDPE</sub> (g<sub>feed</sub>)<sup>−1</sup>; and reaction time, 2 h. The composition of the main fractions produced (gas, naphtha, and light cycle oil) reveals the interest in carrying out the process at 110 bar. Thus, conversions of 96 and 79% for the removal of heavy hydrocarbons and the removal of HDPE molecules have been obtained, respectively, together with a yield of naphtha of 53.4 wt%. This naphtha is mainly paraffinic, and it has a RON of 91.5 (within the commercial standards). Furthermore, three fractions have been observed in the analysis (temperature-programmed oxidation) of the coke. This analysis reveals that at 110 bar, the coke retained in the HY zeolite cages is less developed and burns at a moderate temperature. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:10:50Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9cbd788ce7484197a6044e0a068b446e2023-11-23T10:26:25ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442022-05-0112554310.3390/catal12050543Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO BlendFrancisco J. Vela0Roberto Palos1Javier Bilbao2José M. Arandes3Alazne Gutiérrez4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainThe hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blended with vacuum gas oil (VGO) has been studied to assess the effect of H<sub>2</sub> pressure on the yield and composition of the products and with the aim of obtaining commercial fuels, mainly naphtha. The experiments have been performed using a PtPd/HY catalyst in a semibatch reactor under the following conditions: H<sub>2</sub> pressure, 20–110 bar; 440 °C; catalyst to feed ratio, 0.1 g<sub>cat</sub> (g<sub>feed</sub>)<sup>−1</sup>; HDPE to total feed ratio, 0.2 g<sub>HDPE</sub> (g<sub>feed</sub>)<sup>−1</sup>; and reaction time, 2 h. The composition of the main fractions produced (gas, naphtha, and light cycle oil) reveals the interest in carrying out the process at 110 bar. Thus, conversions of 96 and 79% for the removal of heavy hydrocarbons and the removal of HDPE molecules have been obtained, respectively, together with a yield of naphtha of 53.4 wt%. This naphtha is mainly paraffinic, and it has a RON of 91.5 (within the commercial standards). Furthermore, three fractions have been observed in the analysis (temperature-programmed oxidation) of the coke. This analysis reveals that at 110 bar, the coke retained in the HY zeolite cages is less developed and burns at a moderate temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/5/543hydrocrackingHDPEVGOpressurehydrogenfuel |
| spellingShingle | Francisco J. Vela Roberto Palos Javier Bilbao José M. Arandes Alazne Gutiérrez Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend Catalysts hydrocracking HDPE VGO pressure hydrogen fuel |
| title | Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend |
| title_full | Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend |
| title_short | Hydrogen Pressure as a Key Parameter to Control the Quality of the Naphtha Produced in the Hydrocracking of an HDPE/VGO Blend |
| title_sort | hydrogen pressure as a key parameter to control the quality of the naphtha produced in the hydrocracking of an hdpe vgo blend |
| topic | hydrocracking HDPE VGO pressure hydrogen fuel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/5/543 |
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