Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>
Fungal elicitation could improve the secondary metabolite contents of in vitro cultures. Herein, we report the effect of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> on vinblastine and vincristine alkaloid yields in <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> embryos. The study revealed increased yields of vinb...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Dipti Tonk Abdul Mujib Mehpara Maqsood Mir Khusrau Ali Alsughayyir Yaser Hassan Dewir |
| author_facet | Dipti Tonk Abdul Mujib Mehpara Maqsood Mir Khusrau Ali Alsughayyir Yaser Hassan Dewir |
| author_sort | Dipti Tonk |
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| description | Fungal elicitation could improve the secondary metabolite contents of in vitro cultures. Herein, we report the effect of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> on vinblastine and vincristine alkaloid yields in <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> embryos. The study revealed increased yields of vinblastine and vincristine in <i>Catharanthus</i> tissues. Different concentrations, i.e., 0.05% (T1), 0.15% (T2), 0.25% (T3), and 0.35% (T4), of an <i>F. oxysporum</i> extract were applied to a solid MS medium in addition to a control (T0). Embryogenic calli were formed from the hypocotyl explants of germinating seedlings, and the tissues were exposed to <i>Fusarium</i> extract elicitation. The administration of the <i>F. oxysporum</i> extract improved the growth of the callus biomass, which later differentiated into embryos, and the maximum induction of somatic embryos was noted T2 concentration (102.69/callus mass). A biochemical analysis revealed extra accumulations of sugar, protein, and proline in the fungus-elicitated cultivating tissues. The somatic embryos germinated into plantlets on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.24 µM of BA. The germination rate of the embryos and the shoot and root lengths of the embryos were high at low doses of the <i>Fusarium</i> treatment. The yields of vinblastine and vincristine were measured in different treated tissues via high-pressure thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The yield of vinblastine was high in mature (45-day old) embryos (1.229 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight), which were further enriched (1.267 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) via the <i>F. oxysporum</i>-elicitated treatment, especially at the T2 concentration. Compared to vinblastine, the vincristine content was low, with a maximum of 0.307 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight following the addition of the <i>F. oxysporum</i> treatment. The highest and increased yields of vinblastine and vincristine, 7.88 and 15.50%, were noted in <i>F. oxysporum</i>-amended tissues. The maturated and germinating somatic embryos had high levels of SOD activity, and upon the addition of the fungal extracts, the enzyme’s activity was further elevated, indicating that the tissues experienced cellular stress which yielded increased levels of vinblastine and vincristine following the T2/T1 treatments. The improvement in the yields of these alkaloids could augment cancer healthcare treatments, making them easy, accessible, and inexpensive. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9cc0b8773202423380ac9d123a0d3bd42023-11-19T14:53:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011219337310.3390/plants12193373Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>Dipti Tonk0Abdul Mujib1Mehpara Maqsood2Mir Khusrau3Ali Alsughayyir4Yaser Hassan Dewir5Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaCellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Government College for Women, M.A. Road, Srinagar 190001, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Government Degree College (Boys), Anantnag 231213, IndiaDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, 75 B.S. Hood Rd, Starkville, MS 39762, USAPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaFungal elicitation could improve the secondary metabolite contents of in vitro cultures. Herein, we report the effect of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> on vinblastine and vincristine alkaloid yields in <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> embryos. The study revealed increased yields of vinblastine and vincristine in <i>Catharanthus</i> tissues. Different concentrations, i.e., 0.05% (T1), 0.15% (T2), 0.25% (T3), and 0.35% (T4), of an <i>F. oxysporum</i> extract were applied to a solid MS medium in addition to a control (T0). Embryogenic calli were formed from the hypocotyl explants of germinating seedlings, and the tissues were exposed to <i>Fusarium</i> extract elicitation. The administration of the <i>F. oxysporum</i> extract improved the growth of the callus biomass, which later differentiated into embryos, and the maximum induction of somatic embryos was noted T2 concentration (102.69/callus mass). A biochemical analysis revealed extra accumulations of sugar, protein, and proline in the fungus-elicitated cultivating tissues. The somatic embryos germinated into plantlets on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.24 µM of BA. The germination rate of the embryos and the shoot and root lengths of the embryos were high at low doses of the <i>Fusarium</i> treatment. The yields of vinblastine and vincristine were measured in different treated tissues via high-pressure thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The yield of vinblastine was high in mature (45-day old) embryos (1.229 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight), which were further enriched (1.267 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) via the <i>F. oxysporum</i>-elicitated treatment, especially at the T2 concentration. Compared to vinblastine, the vincristine content was low, with a maximum of 0.307 µg g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight following the addition of the <i>F. oxysporum</i> treatment. The highest and increased yields of vinblastine and vincristine, 7.88 and 15.50%, were noted in <i>F. oxysporum</i>-amended tissues. The maturated and germinating somatic embryos had high levels of SOD activity, and upon the addition of the fungal extracts, the enzyme’s activity was further elevated, indicating that the tissues experienced cellular stress which yielded increased levels of vinblastine and vincristine following the T2/T1 treatments. The improvement in the yields of these alkaloids could augment cancer healthcare treatments, making them easy, accessible, and inexpensive.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3373callus inductionelicitationMadagascar periwinklesomatic embryogenesisvincristinevinblastine |
| spellingShingle | Dipti Tonk Abdul Mujib Mehpara Maqsood Mir Khusrau Ali Alsughayyir Yaser Hassan Dewir Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> Plants callus induction elicitation Madagascar periwinkle somatic embryogenesis vincristine vinblastine |
| title | Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> |
| title_full | Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> |
| title_short | Fungal Elicitation Enhances Vincristine and Vinblastine Yield in the Embryogenic Tissues of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> |
| title_sort | fungal elicitation enhances vincristine and vinblastine yield in the embryogenic tissues of i catharanthus roseus i |
| topic | callus induction elicitation Madagascar periwinkle somatic embryogenesis vincristine vinblastine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3373 |
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