Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Unlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigm...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6230 |
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| author | Marwa Louleb Ismael Galván Latifa Latrous Nicholas M. Justyn Geoffrey E. Hill Ángel Ríos Mohammed Zougagh |
| author_facet | Marwa Louleb Ismael Galván Latifa Latrous Nicholas M. Justyn Geoffrey E. Hill Ángel Ríos Mohammed Zougagh |
| author_sort | Marwa Louleb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigmentation constitute unique models for porphyrin analysis in biological samples. Here we present the development of a simple, rapid, and efficient analytical method for four natural porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX) in the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans, a mammal with hair that fluoresces and that we suspected has porphyrin-based pigmentation. The method is based on capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS), after an extraction procedure with formic acid and acetonitrile. The resulting limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006–0.199 and 0.021–0.665 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. This approach enabled us to quantify porphyrins in flying squirrel hairs at concentrations of 3.6–353.2 µg g<sup>−1</sup> with 86.4–98.6% extraction yields. This method provides higher simplicity, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity than other methods used to date, presenting the potential to become the standard technique for porphyrin analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:22Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9cc23a2d900b46cc9e1db1d353d95c81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9cc23a2d900b46cc9e1db1d353d95c812023-11-23T14:11:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012311623010.3390/ijms23116230Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMarwa Louleb0Ismael Galván1Latifa Latrous2Nicholas M. Justyn3Geoffrey E. Hill4Ángel Ríos5Mohammed Zougagh6Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of Applied Mineral Chemistry (LCMA) LR19ES02, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farat Hached El Manar 1, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, TunisiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USARegional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainRegional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, SpainUnlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigmentation constitute unique models for porphyrin analysis in biological samples. Here we present the development of a simple, rapid, and efficient analytical method for four natural porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX) in the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans, a mammal with hair that fluoresces and that we suspected has porphyrin-based pigmentation. The method is based on capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS), after an extraction procedure with formic acid and acetonitrile. The resulting limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006–0.199 and 0.021–0.665 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. This approach enabled us to quantify porphyrins in flying squirrel hairs at concentrations of 3.6–353.2 µg g<sup>−1</sup> with 86.4–98.6% extraction yields. This method provides higher simplicity, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity than other methods used to date, presenting the potential to become the standard technique for porphyrin analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6230animal pigmentationfluorescencehairmammalsnatural porphyrinsCLC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Marwa Louleb Ismael Galván Latifa Latrous Nicholas M. Justyn Geoffrey E. Hill Ángel Ríos Mohammed Zougagh Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry International Journal of Molecular Sciences animal pigmentation fluorescence hair mammals natural porphyrins CLC-MS |
| title | Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | detection of porphyrins in hair using capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry |
| topic | animal pigmentation fluorescence hair mammals natural porphyrins CLC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6230 |
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